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Flight Instructor - Airplane ACS Codes

All 1599 Flight Instructor - Airplane and their official FAA knowledge-area descriptions. These are the codes printed on your Airman Knowledge Test Report for questions you missed. Upload your report to get just your codes as a printable sheet.

CodeFAA knowledge area
AI.II.A.K1Symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with aeromedical and physiological issues, including:
AI.II.A.K1aa. Hypoxia
AI.II.A.K1bb. Hyperventilation
AI.II.A.K1cc. Middle ear and sinus problems
AI.II.A.K1dd. Spatial disorientation
AI.II.A.K1ee. Motion sickness
AI.II.A.K1ff. Carbon monoxide poisoning
AI.II.A.K1gg. Stress
AI.II.A.K1hh. Fatigue
AI.II.A.K1ii. Dehydration and nutrition
AI.II.A.K1jj. Hypothermia
AI.II.A.K1kk. Optical illusions
AI.II.A.K1ll. Dissolved nitrogen in the bloodstream after scuba dives
AI.II.A.K2Regulations regarding use of alcohol and drugs.
AI.II.A.K3Effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.
AI.II.A.K4Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) to include using Crew Resource Management (CRM) or Single- Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate.
AI.II.A.R1Aeromedical and physiological issues.
AI.II.A.R2Hazardous attitudes.
AI.II.A.R3Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.II.A.R4Confirmation and expectation bias.
AI.II.A.S1Associate the symptoms and effects for at least three of the conditions listed in K1a through K1l with the cause(s) and corrective action(s).
AI.II.A.S2Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, for actual flight or a scenario given by the evaluator.
AI.II.B.K1Environmental conditions that degrade vision.
AI.II.B.K2Vestibular and visual illusions.
AI.II.B.K3"See and Avoid" responsibilities.
AI.II.B.K4Visual scanning procedure and the importance of peripheral vision.
AI.II.B.K5Aircraft blind spots and clearing procedures.
AI.II.B.K6Visual cues of an impending mid-air collision.
AI.II.B.K7Situations that create the greatest collision risk.
AI.II.B.K8Division of attention inside and outside the aircraft.
AI.II.B.R1Distractions to visual scanning.
AI.II.B.R2Relaxed intermediate focal distance.
AI.II.B.R3High volume operational environments.
AI.II.B.R4Collision reaction time.
AI.II.B.R5Use of a safety pilot.
AI.II.B.S1Effectively scan using short regularly spaced eye movements.
AI.II.B.S2Scan around physical obstructions.
AI.II.B.S3Use appropriate visual scanning techniques.
AI.II.B.S4Use electronic traffic alert systems, if available.
AI.II.C.K1Runway incursion definition.
AI.II.C.K2Taxi instructions/clearances.
AI.II.C.K3The importance of recording taxi instructions and reviewing taxi routes on the airport diagram.
AI.II.C.K4Airport markings, signs, and lights including the importance of hold lines associated with runways.
AI.II.C.K5Appropriate flight deck activities during taxiing, including taxi route planning, briefing the location of Hot Spots, communicating and coordinating with ATC.
AI.II.C.K6Communication and operational procedures at uncontrolled airports.
AI.II.C.R1Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.II.C.R2Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
AI.II.C.R3Entering or crossing runways.
AI.II.C.R4Night taxi operations.
AI.II.C.R5Low visibility taxi operations.
AI.II.C.R6Runway incursion after landing.
AI.II.C.R7Operating on taxiways between parallel runways.
AI.II.C.S1Deliver instruction on the elements and techniques for runway incursion avoidance.
AI.II.D.K1Airfoil design characteristics.
AI.II.D.K2Airplane stability, maneuverability and controllability.
AI.II.D.K3Turning tendency (e.g., torque, p-factor, spiraling slipstream, and gyroscopic precession).
AI.II.D.K4Forces acting on an airplane.
AI.II.D.K5Load factors in airplane design.
AI.II.D.K6Wingtip vortices and appropriate precautions.
AI.II.D.R1The basic aerodynamic principles of flight.
AI.II.D.S1Deliver instruction on principles of flight, including at least three of the elements listed in K1 through K6.
AI.II.E.K1Airplane systems, including:
AI.II.E.K1aa. Primary flight controls
AI.II.E.K1bb. Secondary flight controls
AI.II.E.K1cc. Powerplant and propeller
AI.II.E.K1dd. Landing gear
AI.II.E.K1ee. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic
AI.II.E.K1ff. Electrical
AI.II.E.K1gg. Avionics
AI.II.E.K1hh. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments
AI.II.E.K1ii. Environmental
AI.II.E.K1jj. Deicing and anti-icing
AI.II.E.K1kk. Water rudders (ASES, AMES)
AI.II.E.K1ll. Oxygen system
AI.II.E.K2Indications of and procedures for managing system abnormalities or failures.
AI.II.E.R1Detection of system malfunctions or failures.
AI.II.E.R2Management of a system failure.
AI.II.E.R3Monitoring and management of automated systems.
AI.II.E.R4Providing instruction in unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
AI.II.E.S1Operate at least three of the systems listed in K1a through K1l appropriately.
AI.II.F.K1Elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to determine performance.
AI.II.F.K2Factors affecting performance, including:
AI.II.F.K2aa. Atmospheric conditions
AI.II.F.K2bb. Pilot technique
AI.II.F.K2cc. Airplane configuration
AI.II.F.K2dd. Airport environment
AI.II.F.K2ee. Loading and weight and balance
AI.II.F.K3Weight and balance terms, including: basic empty weight, maximum gross weight, arm, moment, reference datum, center of gravity (CG) and CG limits, and useful load.
AI.II.F.K4Methods for computing CG.
AI.II.F.K5Aerodynamics.
AI.II.F.R1Use of performance charts, tables, and data.
AI.II.F.R2Airplane limitations.
AI.II.F.R3Possible differences between calculated performance and actual performance.
AI.II.F.R4Exceeding weight limits.
AI.II.F.R5Operating outside of CG limits.
AI.II.F.R6Shifting, adding, and removing weight.
AI.II.F.S1Use the appropriate airplane performance charts, tables, and data.
AI.II.F.S2Compute the weight and balance, correct out-of-center of gravity loading errors and determine if the weight and balance remains within limits during all phases of flight.
AI.II.G.K1Airspace classes and associated requirements and limitations.
AI.II.G.K2Chart symbols.
AI.II.G.K3Special use airspace (SUA), special flight rules areas (SFRA), temporary flight restrictions (TFR), and other airspace areas.
AI.II.G.K4Currency of publications.
AI.II.G.K5Special visual flight rules (VFR) requirements.
AI.II.G.R1Various classes and types of airspace.
AI.II.G.S1Identify and comply with the requirements for basic VFR weather minimums and flying in particular classes of airspace.
AI.II.G.S2Correctly identify airspace and operate in accordance with associated communication and equipment requirements.
AI.II.G.S3Identify the requirements for operating in SUA or within a TFR. Identify and comply with special air traffic rules (SATR) and SFRA operations, if applicable.
AI.II.H.K1Ground-based navigation (identification, orientation, course determination, equipment, tests, regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, and signal integrity).
AI.II.H.K2Satellite-based navigation (e.g., equipment, regulations, authorized use of databases, and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)).
AI.II.H.K3Radar assistance to visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft (e.g., operations, equipment, available services, traffic advisories).
AI.II.H.K4Transponder (Mode(s) A, C, and S) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B).
AI.II.H.R1Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
AI.II.H.R2Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.II.H.R3Limitations of the navigation system in use.
AI.II.H.R4Loss of a navigation signal.
AI.II.H.R5Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
AI.II.H.S1Use an airborne electronic navigation system.
AI.II.H.S2Determine the airplane's position using the navigation system.
AI.II.H.S3Intercept and track a given course, radial, or bearing.
AI.II.H.S4Recognize and describe the indication of station or waypoint passage.
AI.II.H.S5Use proper communication procedures when utilizing radar services.
AI.II.I.K1Route planning, including consideration of different classes and special use airspace (SUA) and selection of appropriate and available navigation/communication systems and facilities.
AI.II.I.K2Altitude selection accounting for terrain and obstacles, glide distance of airplane, visual flight rules (VFR) cruising altitudes, and effect of wind.
AI.II.I.K3Plotting a course.
AI.II.I.K4Power setting selection.
AI.II.I.K5Calculating:
AI.II.I.K5aa. Time, climb and descent rates, course, distance, heading, true airspeed, and groundspeed
AI.II.I.K5bb. Estimated time of arrival, including conversion to universal coordinated time (UTC)
AI.II.I.K5cc. Fuel requirements, including reserve
AI.II.I.K6Elements of a VFR flight plan.
AI.II.I.K7Correlate weather information to make a go/no-go decision.
AI.II.I.K8Procedures for activating and closing a VFR flight plan.
AI.II.I.K9Magnetic compass errors.
AI.II.I.K10Pilotage and dead reckoning.
AI.II.I.K11Planned calculations versus actual results and required corrections.
AI.II.I.K12Diversion and lost procedures.
AI.II.I.K13Inflight intercept procedures.
AI.II.I.K14Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
AI.II.I.K15Chart symbols.
AI.II.I.R1Pilot.
AI.II.I.R2Aircraft.
AI.II.I.R3Environment (e.g., weather, airports, airspace, terrain, obstacles).
AI.II.I.R4External pressures.
AI.II.I.R5Limitations of air traffic control (ATC) services.
AI.II.I.R6Fuel planning.
AI.II.I.S1Prepare, present, and explain a cross-country flight plan assigned by the evaluator, including a risk analysis to the first fuel stop.
AI.II.I.S2Apply pertinent information from appropriate and current aeronautical charts, Chart Supplements; Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs) relative to airport, runway and taxiway closures; and other flight publications.
AI.II.I.S3Create a navigation plan and simulate filing a VFR flight plan.
AI.II.I.S4Recalculate fuel reserves based on a scenario provided by the evaluator.
AI.II.J.K114 CFR parts 1, 61, and 91.
AI.II.J.K249 CFR part 830.
AI.II.J.K3Advisory Circulars, INFOs, and SAFOs.
AI.II.J.K4Airman Certification Standards or Practical Test Standards.
AI.II.J.K5Pilot's Operating Handbooks or flight manuals.
AI.II.J.K6Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM).
AI.II.J.R1Use of expired charts, manuals, or publications without current updates.
AI.II.J.S1Teach at least one of the elements listed in K1 through K6.
AI.II.K.K1Required logbook entries for instruction given.
AI.II.K.K2Required student pilot pre-solo knowledge test, solo endorsements, and logbook entries.
AI.II.K.K3Other required pilot logbook endorsements (e.g., Class B Airspace, Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR)).
AI.II.K.K4Preparation of a recommendation for a pilot practical test, including appropriate logbook entry and relevant certificate/rating application for:
AI.II.K.K4aa. Initial pilot certification
AI.II.K.K4bb. Additional pilot certification
AI.II.K.K4cc. Additional aircraft qualification
AI.II.K.K5Endorsement of a pilot logbook for the satisfactory completion of an FAA flight review.
AI.II.K.K6Required flight instructor records.
AI.II.K.K7Flight instructor renewal and reinstatement requirements.
AI.II.K.R1Endorsements without appropriate limitations or expiration dates.
AI.II.K.S1Describe and prepare logbook entries/endorsements required for at least two of the events specified in the elements or sub-elements of K1 through K5.
AI.II.L.K1Characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, such as:
AI.II.L.K1aa. Size and location
AI.II.L.K1bb. Protected and unprotected areas
AI.II.L.K1cc. Surface wind
AI.II.L.K1dd. Direction and strength of water current
AI.II.L.K1ee. Floating and partially submerged debris
AI.II.L.K1ff. Sandbars, islands, and shoals
AI.II.L.K1gg. Vessel traffic and wakes
AI.II.L.K1hh. Direction and height of waves
AI.II.L.K1ii. Other characteristics specific to the area
AI.II.L.K2Float and hull construction, and its effect on seaplane performance.
AI.II.L.K3Causes of porpoising and skipping, and the pilot action needed to prevent or correct these occurrences.
AI.II.L.K4How to locate and identify seaplane bases on charts or in directories.
AI.II.L.K5Operating restrictions at various bases.
AI.II.L.K6Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane operation.
AI.II.L.K7Marine navigation aids, such as buoys, beacons, lights, sound signals, and range markers.
AI.II.L.K8Naval vessel protection zones.
AI.II.L.K9No wake zones.
AI.II.L.R1Local conditions.
AI.II.L.R2Impact of marine traffic.
AI.II.L.R3Right-of-way and sailing rules pertinent to seaplane operations.
AI.II.L.R4Limited services and assistance available at seaplane bases.
AI.II.L.S1Explain how float and hull construction can affect seaplane performance.
AI.II.L.S2Describe how to correct for porpoising and skipping.
AI.II.L.S3Identify marine navigation aids.
AI.II.L.S4Describe correct right-of-way, steering, and sailing operations.
AI.II.L.S5Assess the water surface characteristics for the proposed flight.
AI.II.L.S6Identify restrictions at local seaplane bases.
AI.II.M.K1Physiological aspects of vision related to night flying.
AI.II.M.K2Lighting systems identifying airports, runways, taxiways and obstructions, as well as pilot controlled lighting.
AI.II.M.K3Airplane equipment and lighting requirements for night operations.
AI.II.M.K4Personal equipment essential for night flight.
AI.II.M.K5Night orientation, navigation, chart reading techniques and methods for maintaining night vision effectiveness.
AI.II.M.K6Use of instruments to verify the aircraft attitude at night.
AI.II.M.K7Visual illusions at night.
AI.II.M.K8Night taxi operations.
AI.II.M.K9Interpretation of traffic position and direction based solely on position lights.
AI.II.M.R1Inoperative equipment.
AI.II.M.R2Weather considerations specific to night operations.
AI.II.M.R3Collision hazards.
AI.II.M.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.II.M.R5Effect of visual illusions and night adaptation during all phases of night flying.
AI.II.M.R6Runway incursion.
AI.II.M.R7Night currency versus proficiency.
AI.II.M.S1Teach at least one of the elements listed in K1 through K9.
AI.II.N.K2Physiological factors, including:
AI.II.N.K2aa. Impairment
AI.II.N.K2bb. Symptoms of hypoxia
AI.II.N.K2cc. Time of useful consciousness (TUC)
AI.II.N.K3Operational factors, including:
AI.II.N.K3aa. Characteristics, limitations, and applicability of continuous flow, demand, and pressure- demand oxygen systems
AI.II.N.K3bb. Differences between and identification of "aviator's breathing oxygen" and other types of oxygen
AI.II.N.K3cc. Precautions when using supplemental oxygen systems
AI.II.N.R1High altitude flight.
AI.II.N.R2Use of supplemental oxygen.
AI.II.N.R3Management of compressed gas containers.
AI.II.N.R4Combustion hazards in an oxygen-rich environment.
AI.II.N.S1Provide an adequate briefing on use of supplemental oxygen equipment.
AI.II.N.S2Operate or simulate operation of the installed or portable oxygen equipment in the aircraft, if installed or available.
AI.II.N.S3Determine the quantity of supplemental oxygen required in a scenario given by the evaluator.
AI.II.O.K1Fundamental concepts of aircraft pressurization system, including failure modes.
AI.II.O.K2Physiological factors, including:
AI.II.O.K2aa. Impairment
AI.II.O.K2bb. Symptoms of hypoxia
AI.II.O.K2cc. Time of useful consciousness (TUC)
AI.II.O.K2dd. Effects of rapid decompression on crew and passengers
AI.II.O.R1High altitude flight.
AI.II.O.R2Malfunction of pressurization system, if equipment is installed.
AI.II.O.S1Operate the pressurization system, if equipment is installed.
AI.II.O.S2Respond appropriately to simulated pressurization malfunctions, if equipment is installed.
AI.II.P.K1Proficient use of appropriate performance charts, tables, graphs, or other data to determine airplane performance and limitations for all phases of flight.
AI.II.P.K2Effects of exceeding limitations.
AI.II.P.K3Effects of atmospheric conditions on performance.
AI.II.P.K4Factors to be considered to determine required performance is within the airplane's single and multiengine cababilities.
AI.II.P.K5Aerodynamics of OEI operation including:
AI.II.P.K5aa. Critical engine
AI.II.P.K5bb. Effects of bank angle on VMC
AI.II.P.K5cc. Zero side slip
AI.II.P.K5dd. Reasons for loss of directional control
AI.II.P.K6The relationship between minimum control speed (VMC) and stall speed and the effect of density altitude on that relationship.
AI.II.P.K7How to determine the best course of action after an engine failure.
AI.II.P.R1Exceeding the critical angle of attack.
AI.II.P.R2Loss of directional control.
AI.II.P.R3Flying over terrain that exceeds the single engine service ceiling.
AI.II.P.R4Fuel management.
AI.II.P.S1Compute the expected single engine climb performance.
AI.III.A.K1Certification, currency, and recordkeeping requirements, including training and logbook entries.
AI.III.A.K2Privileges and limitations of pilot certificates and ratings at student pilot, sport, recreational, private, commercial, and flight instructor levels.
AI.III.A.K3Medical certificates: class, expiration, privileges, temporary disqualifications, and operations under BasicMed.
AI.III.A.K4Documents pilots must possess to exercise privileges of the specified certificate(s) and rating(s).
AI.III.A.R1Proficiency versus currency.
AI.III.A.R2Flying unfamiliar aircraft or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
AI.III.A.S1Deliver instruction on at least two of the elements specified in K1 through K4.
AI.III.B.K1General airworthiness requirements and compliance for airplanes, including:
AI.III.B.K1aa. Location and expiration dates of required aircraft certificates
AI.III.B.K1bb. Required inspections and aircraft logbook documentation
AI.III.B.K1cc. Airworthiness Directives and Special Airworthiness Information Bulletins
AI.III.B.K1dd. Purpose and procedure for obtaining a special flight permit
AI.III.B.K2Pilot-performed preventive maintenance.
AI.III.B.K3Equipment requirements for day and night VFR flight, including:
AI.III.B.K3aa. Flying with inoperative equipment
AI.III.B.K3bb. Using an approved Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
AI.III.B.K3cc. Kinds of Operation Equipment List (KOEL)
AI.III.B.K3dd. Required discrepancy records or placards
AI.III.B.K4Standard and special airworthiness certificates and their associated operational limitations.
AI.III.B.R1Inoperative equipment discovered prior to flight.
AI.III.B.S1Locate and describe airplane airworthiness and registration information.
AI.III.B.S2Determine the airplane is airworthy in the scenario given by the evaluator.
AI.III.B.S3Apply appropriate procedures for operating with inoperative equipment in a scenario given by the evaluator.
AI.III.C.K1Sources of weather data (e.g., National Weather Service, Flight Service) for flight planning purposes.
AI.III.C.K2Acceptable weather products and resources required for preflight planning, current and forecast weather for departure, en route, and arrival phases of flight such as:
AI.III.C.K2aa. Airport Observations (METAR and SPECI) and Pilot Observations (PIREP)
AI.III.C.K2bb. Surface Analysis Chart, Ceiling and Visibility Chart (CVA)
AI.III.C.K2cc. Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)
AI.III.C.K2dd. Graphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA)
AI.III.C.K2ee. Wind and Temperature Aloft Forecast (FB)
AI.III.C.K2ff. Convective Outlook (AC)
AI.III.C.K2gg. Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories including Airmen's Meteorological Information (AIRMET), Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET), and Convective SIGMET
AI.III.C.K3Meteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination under visual flight rules (VFR) in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC), including expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:
AI.III.C.K3aa. Atmospheric composition and stability
AI.III.C.K3bb. Wind (e.g., windshear, mountain wave, factors affecting wind, etc.)
AI.III.C.K3cc. Temperature and heat exchange
AI.III.C.K3dd. Moisture/precipitation
AI.III.C.K3ee. Weather system formation, including air masses and fronts
AI.III.C.K3ff. Clouds
AI.III.C.K3gg. Turbulence
AI.III.C.K3hh. Thunderstorms and microbursts
AI.III.C.K3ii. Icing and freezing level information
AI.III.C.K3jj. Fog/mist
AI.III.C.K3kk. Frost
AI.III.C.K3ll. Obstructions to visibility (e.g., smoke, haze, volcanic ash, etc.)
AI.III.C.K4Flight deck instrument displays of digital weather and aeronautical information.
AI.III.C.R1Making the go/no-go and continue/divert decisions, including:
AI.III.C.R1aa. Circumstances that would make diversion prudent
AI.III.C.R1bb. Personal weather minimums
AI.III.C.R1cc. Hazardous weather conditions, including known or forecast icing or turbulence aloft
AI.III.C.R2Use and limitations of:
AI.III.C.R2aa. Installed onboard weather equipment
AI.III.C.R2bb. Aviation weather reports and forecasts
AI.III.C.R2cc. Inflight weather resources
AI.III.C.S1Use available aviation weather resources to obtain an adequate weather briefing.
AI.III.C.S2Analyze the implications of at least three of the conditions listed in K3a through K3l, using actual weather or weather conditions provided by the evaluator.
AI.III.C.S3Correlate weather information to make a go/no-go decision.
AI.IV.A.K1Purpose of the maneuver.
AI.IV.A.K2Elements of the maneuver and the associated common errors.
AI.IV.A.K3Desired outcome(s), including completion standards.
AI.IV.A.R1The selected maneuver Task.
AI.IV.A.S1Deliver instruction on the selected maneuver using a lesson plan, teaching methods, and teaching aids, as appropriate, that incorporate K1 through K3.
AI.V.A.K1Pilot self-assessment.
AI.V.A.K2Determining that the airplane to be used is appropriate and airworthy.
AI.V.A.K3Airplane preflight inspection, including:
AI.V.A.K3aa. Which items should be inspected
AI.V.A.K3bb. The reasons for checking each item
AI.V.A.K3cc. How to detect possible defects
AI.V.A.K3dd. The associated regulations
AI.V.A.K4Environmental factors, including weather, terrain, route selection, and obstructions.
AI.V.A.R1Pilot.
AI.V.A.R2Aircraft.
AI.V.A.R3Environment (e.g., weather, airports, airspace, terrain, obstacles).
AI.V.A.R4External pressures.
AI.V.A.R5Aviation security concerns.
AI.V.A.S1Inspect the airplane with reference to an appropriate checklist.
AI.V.A.S2Verify the airplane is in condition for safe flight and conforms to its type design.
AI.V.A.S3Perform self-assessment.
AI.V.A.S4Continue to assess the environment for safe flight.
AI.V.B.K1Passenger briefing requirements, including operation and required use of safety restraint systems.
AI.V.B.K2Use of appropriate checklists.
AI.V.B.K3Requirements for current and appropriate navigation data.
AI.V.B.K4Securing items and cargo.
AI.V.B.R1Use of systems or equipment, including automation and portable electronic devices.
AI.V.B.R2Inoperative equipment.
AI.V.B.R3Passenger distractions.
AI.V.B.S1Secure all items in the aircraft.
AI.V.B.S2Conduct an appropriate passenger briefing, including identifying the pilot-in-command (PIC), use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, doors, passenger conduct, sterile aircraft, propeller blade avoidance, and emergency procedures.
AI.V.B.S3Properly program and manage the aircraft's automation, as applicable.
AI.V.B.S4Appropriately manage risks by utilizing ADM, including SRM/CRM.
AI.V.C.K1Starting under various conditions.
AI.V.C.K2Starting the engine(s) by use of external power.
AI.V.C.K3Engine limitations as they relate to starting.
AI.V.C.R1Propeller safety.
AI.V.C.R2Use of external power unit.
AI.V.C.R3Limitations during starting.
AI.V.C.S1Position the airplane properly considering structures, other aircraft, wind, and the safety of nearby persons and property.
AI.V.C.S2Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.V.D.K1Elements of safe taxi operations.
AI.V.D.K2Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
AI.V.D.K3Taxi instructions/clearances.
AI.V.D.K4Airport markings, signs, and lights.
AI.V.D.K5Visual indicators for wind.
AI.V.D.K6Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.
AI.V.D.K7Procedures for:
AI.V.D.K7aa. Appropriate flight deck activities prior to taxi, including route planning and identifying the location of Hot Spots
AI.V.D.K7bb. Radio communications at towered and nontowered airports
AI.V.D.K7cc. Entering or crossing runways
AI.V.D.K7dd. Night taxi operations
AI.V.D.K7ee. Low visibility taxi operations
AI.V.D.R1Activities and distractions.
AI.V.D.R2Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
AI.V.D.R3A taxi route or departure runway change.
AI.V.D.R4Runway incursion.
AI.V.D.S1Receive and correctly read back clearances/instructions, if applicable.
AI.V.D.S2Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published, and maintain situational awareness.
AI.V.D.S3Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AI.V.D.S4Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.V.D.S5Perform a brake check immediately after the airplane begins moving.
AI.V.D.S6Maintain positive control of the airplane during ground operations by controlling direction and speed without excessive use of brakes.
AI.V.D.S7Comply with airport/taxiway markings, signals, and air traffic control (ATC) clearances and instructions.
AI.V.D.S8Position the airplane properly relative to hold lines.
AI.V.E.K1Procedures for various types of taxiing and sailing.
AI.V.E.K2Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
AI.V.E.K3Taxi instructions/clearances.
AI.V.E.K4Airport/seaplane base markings, signs, and lights.
AI.V.E.K5Visual indicators for wind.
AI.V.E.K6Airplane lighting.
AI.V.E.K7Procedures for:
AI.V.E.K7aa. Appropriate flight deck activities during taxiing or sailing
AI.V.E.K7bb. Radio communications at towered and nontowered seaplane bases
AI.V.E.R1Activities and distractions.
AI.V.E.R2Porpoising and skipping.
AI.V.E.R3Low visibility taxi and sailing operations.
AI.V.E.R4Other aircraft, vessels, and hazards.
AI.V.E.R5Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
AI.V.E.S1Receive and correctly read back clearances/instructions, if applicable.
AI.V.E.S2Use an appropriate airport diagram or taxi chart, if published.
AI.V.E.S3Comply with seaplane base/airport/taxiway markings, signals, and signs.
AI.V.E.S4Depart the dock/mooring buoy or beach/ramp in a safe manner, considering wind, current, traffic, and hazards.
AI.V.E.S5Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.V.E.S6Position the flight controls, flaps, doors, water rudders, and power correctly for the existing conditions to follow the desired course while sailing and to prevent or correct for porpoising and skipping during step taxi.
AI.V.E.S7Exhibit procedures for steering and maneuvering while maintaining proper situational awareness and desired orientation, path, and position while taxiing using idle, plow, or step taxi technique, as appropriate.
AI.V.E.S8Plan and follow the most favorable taxi or sailing course for current conditions.
AI.V.E.S9Abide by right-of-way rules, maintain positive airplane control, proper speed, and separation between other aircraft, vessels, and persons.
AI.V.E.S10Comply with applicable taxi elements in Task D if the practical test is conducted in an amphibious airplane.
AI.V.F.K1Purpose of before takeoff checklist items, including:
AI.V.F.K1aa. Reasons for checking each item
AI.V.F.K1bb. Detecting malfunctions
AI.V.F.K1cc. Ensuring the aircraft is in safe operating condition as recommended by the manufacturer
AI.V.F.R1Division of attention while conducting before takeoff checks.
AI.V.F.R2Unexpected runway changes by air traffic control (ATC).
AI.V.F.R3Wake turbulence.
AI.V.F.R4Potential powerplant failure during takeoff or other malfunction considering operational factors such as airplane characteristics, runway/takeoff path length, surface conditions, environmental conditions, and obstructions.
AI.V.F.S1Review takeoff performance.
AI.V.F.S2Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.V.F.S3Position the airplane appropriately considering wind direction and the presence of any aircraft, vessels, or buildings as applicable.
AI.V.F.S4Divide attention inside and outside the flight deck.
AI.V.F.S5Verify that engine parameters and airplane configuration are suitable.
AI.VI.A.K1How to obtain appropriate radio frequencies.
AI.VI.A.K2Proper radio communication procedures and air traffic control (ATC) phraseology.
AI.VI.A.K3ATC light signal recognition.
AI.VI.A.K4Appropriate use of transponder(s).
AI.VI.A.K5Lost communication procedures.
AI.VI.A.K6Equipment issues that could cause loss of communication.
AI.VI.A.K7Radar assistance.
AI.VI.A.K8Runway Status Lighting Systems.
AI.VI.A.K9Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VI.A.R1Communication.
AI.VI.A.R2Deciding if and when to declare an emergency.
AI.VI.A.S1Select and activate appropriate frequencies.
AI.VI.A.S2Transmit using standard phraseology and procedures as specified in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) and Pilot/Controller Glossary.
AI.VI.A.S3Acknowledge radio communications and comply with ATC instructions or as directed by the evaluator.
AI.VI.A.S4Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VI.B.K1Towered and nontowered airport operations.
AI.VI.B.K2Traffic pattern selection for the current conditions.
AI.VI.B.K3Right-of-way rules.
AI.VI.B.K4Use of automated weather and airport information.
AI.VI.B.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VI.B.R1Collision hazards.
AI.VI.B.R2Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VI.B.R3Windshear and wake turbulence.
AI.VI.B.S1Identify and interpret airport/seaplane base runways, taxiways, markings, signs, and lighting.
AI.VI.B.S2Comply with recommended traffic pattern procedures.
AI.VI.B.S3Correct for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track.
AI.VI.B.S4Maintain orientation with the runway/landing area in use.
AI.VI.B.S5Maintain traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate airspeed, ±10 knots.
AI.VI.B.S6Maintain situational awareness and proper spacing from other aircraft in the traffic pattern.
AI.VI.B.S7Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.A.K1Procedures for normal and crosswind takeoff.
AI.VII.A.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AI.VII.A.K3Best angle of climb speed (VX) and best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.VII.A.K4Appropriate airplane configuration.
AI.VII.A.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.A.R1Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.A.R2Effects of:
AI.VII.A.R2aa. Crosswind
AI.VII.A.R2bb. Windshear
AI.VII.A.R2cc. Tailwind
AI.VII.A.R2dd. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.A.R2ee. Takeoff surface/condition
AI.VII.A.R3Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AI.VII.A.R3aa. Rejected takeoff
AI.VII.A.R3bb. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AI.VII.A.R4Collision hazards.
AI.VII.A.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.A.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.A.R7Runway incursion.
AI.VII.A.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.A.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.A.S3Verify assigned/correct runway or takeoff path.
AI.VII.A.S4Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
AI.VII.A.S5Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AI.VII.A.S6Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position, and align the airplane on the runway centerline (ASEL, AMEL) or takeoff path (ASES, AMES).
AI.VII.A.S7Retract the water rudders, as appropriate (ASES, AMES).
AI.VII.A.S8Advance the throttle smoothly to takeoff power and confirm proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation.
AI.VII.A.S9Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s) (ASES, AMES).
AI.VII.A.S10Establish and maintain the most efficient planing/lift-off attitude, and correct for porpoising or skipping (ASES, AMES).
AI.VII.A.S11Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed and accelerate to VY.
AI.VII.A.S12Establish a pitch attitude to maintain the manufacturer's recommended speed or VY, ±5 knots.
AI.VII.A.S13Configure the airplane in accordance with manufacturer's guidance.
AI.VII.A.S14Maintain VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
AI.VII.A.S15Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.A.S16Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.
AI.VII.A.S17Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.B.K1Procedures for normal and crosswind approach and landing.
AI.VII.B.K2A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.B.K3Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AI.VII.B.K4Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AI.VII.B.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.B.R1Selection of runway/landing surface, approach path, and touchdown area based on pilot capability, aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.B.R2Effects of:
AI.VII.B.R2aa. Crosswind
AI.VII.B.R2bb. Windshear
AI.VII.B.R2cc. Tailwind
AI.VII.B.R2dd. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.B.R2ee. Landing surface/condition
AI.VII.B.R3Planning for:
AI.VII.B.R3aa. Rejected landing and go-around
AI.VII.B.R3bb. Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)
AI.VII.B.R4Collision hazards.
AI.VII.B.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.B.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.B.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.B.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.B.S3Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway or landing surface.
AI.VII.B.S4Scan the runway or landing surface and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.
AI.VII.B.S5Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions.
AI.VII.B.S6Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AI.VII.B.S7Maintain manufacturer's published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 times the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration (VSO), ±5 knots with gust factor applied.
AI.VII.B.S8Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
AI.VII.B.S9Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during round out and touchdown.
AI.VII.B.S10Touch down at a proper pitch attitude, within 200 feet beyond or on the specified point, with no side drift, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.
AI.VII.B.S11Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
AI.VII.B.S12Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.C.K1Purpose of and procedures for soft-field takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.C.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AI.VII.C.K3Best angle of climb speed (VX) and best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.VII.C.K4Appropriate airplane configuration.
AI.VII.C.K5Ground effect.
AI.VII.C.K6Importance of weight transfer from wheels to wings.
AI.VII.C.K7Left turning tendencies.
AI.VII.C.K8Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.C.R1Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.C.R2Effects of:
AI.VII.C.R2aa. Crosswind
AI.VII.C.R2bb. Windshear
AI.VII.C.R2cc. Tailwind
AI.VII.C.R2dd. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.C.R2ee. Runway surface/condition
AI.VII.C.R3Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AI.VII.C.R3aa. Rejected takeoff
AI.VII.C.R3bb. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AI.VII.C.R4Collision hazards.
AI.VII.C.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.C.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.C.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.C.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.C.S3Verify assigned/correct runway.
AI.VII.C.S4Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
AI.VII.C.S5Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AI.VII.C.S6Clear the area, maintain necessary flight control inputs, taxi into takeoff position and align the airplane on the runway centerline without stopping, while advancing the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.
AI.VII.C.S7Confirm takeoff power and proper engine and flight instrument indications.
AI.VII.C.S8Establish and maintain a pitch attitude that transfers the weight of the airplane from the wheels to the wings as rapidly as possible.
AI.VII.C.S9Lift off at the lowest possible airspeed and remain in ground effect while accelerating to VX or VY, as appropriate.
AI.VII.C.S10Establish a pitch attitude for VX or VY, as appropriate, and maintain selected airspeed ±5 knots during the climb.
AI.VII.C.S11Configure the airplane after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with airplane manufacturer's instructions.
AI.VII.C.S12Maintain VX or VY, as appropriate, ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
AI.VII.C.S13Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.C.S14Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.
AI.VII.C.S15Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.D.K1Purpose of and procedures for soft-field approach and landing.
AI.VII.D.K2A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.D.K3Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AI.VII.D.K4Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AI.VII.D.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.D.R1Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.D.R2Effects of:
AI.VII.D.R2aa. Crosswind
AI.VII.D.R2bb. Windshear
AI.VII.D.R2cc. Tailwind
AI.VII.D.R2dd. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.D.R2ee. Runway surface/condition
AI.VII.D.R3Planning for:
AI.VII.D.R3aa. Rejected landing and go-around
AI.VII.D.R3bb. Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)
AI.VII.D.R4Collision hazards.
AI.VII.D.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.D.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.D.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.D.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.D.S3Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway.
AI.VII.D.S4Scan the landing runway and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.
AI.VII.D.S5Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions.
AI.VII.D.S6Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AI.VII.D.S7Maintain manufacturer's published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 times the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration (VSO), ±5 knots with gust factor applied.
AI.VII.D.S8Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
AI.VII.D.S9Make smooth, timely, and correct control inputs during the round out and touchdown, and, for tricycle gear airplanes, keep the nose wheel off the surface until loss of elevator effectiveness.
AI.VII.D.S10Touch down at a proper pitch attitude with minimum sink rate, no side drift, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with the center of the runway.
AI.VII.D.S11Maintain elevator as recommended by manufacturer during rollout and exit the "soft" area at a speed that would preclude sinking into the surface.
AI.VII.D.S12Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
AI.VII.D.S13Maintain proper position of the flight controls and sufficient speed to taxi while on the soft surface.
AI.VII.D.S14Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.E.K1Purpose of and procedures for short-field takeoff and maximum performance climb.
AI.VII.E.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AI.VII.E.K3Best angle of climb speed (VX) and best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.VII.E.K4Appropriate airplane configuration.
AI.VII.E.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.E.R1Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.E.R2Effects of:
AI.VII.E.R2aa. Crosswind
AI.VII.E.R2bb. Windshear
AI.VII.E.R2cc. Tailwind
AI.VII.E.R2dd. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.E.R2ee. Landing surface/condition
AI.VII.E.R3Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AI.VII.E.R3aa. Rejected takeoff
AI.VII.E.R3bb. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AI.VII.E.R4Collision hazards.
AI.VII.E.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.E.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.E.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.E.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.E.S3Verify assigned/correct runway.
AI.VII.E.S4Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
AI.VII.E.S5Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AI.VII.E.S6Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position, and align the airplane on the runway centerline utilizing maximum available takeoff area.
AI.VII.E.S7Apply brakes while setting engine power to achieve maximum performance.
AI.VII.E.S8Confirm takeoff power prior to brake release and verify proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation.
AI.VII.E.S9Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed and accelerate to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX, ±5 knots.
AI.VII.E.S10Establish a pitch attitude to maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX, ±5 knots until the obstacle is cleared or until the airplane is 50 feet above the surface.
AI.VII.E.S11Establish a pitch attitude for VY and accelerate to VY ±5 knots after clearing the obstacle or at 50 feet above ground level (AGL) if simulating an obstacle.
AI.VII.E.S12Configure the airplane in accordance with the manufacturer's guidance after a positive rate of climb has been verified.
AI.VII.E.S13Maintain VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
AI.VII.E.S14Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.E.S15Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.
AI.VII.E.S16Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.F.K1Purpose of and procedures for short-field approach and landing.
AI.VII.F.K2A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.F.K3Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AI.VII.F.K4Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AI.VII.F.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.F.R1Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.F.R2Effects of:
AI.VII.F.R2aa. Crosswind
AI.VII.F.R2bb. Windshear
AI.VII.F.R2cc. Tailwind
AI.VII.F.R2dd. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.F.R2ee. Landing surface/condition
AI.VII.F.R3Planning for:
AI.VII.F.R3aa. Rejected landing and go-around
AI.VII.F.R3bb. Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)
AI.VII.F.R4Collision hazards.
AI.VII.F.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.F.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.F.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.F.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.F.S3Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway.
AI.VII.F.S4Scan the landing runway and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.
AI.VII.F.S5Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions.
AI.VII.F.S6Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AI.VII.F.S7Maintain manufacturer's published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 times the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration (VSO), ±5 knots with gust factor applied.
AI.VII.F.S8Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
AI.VII.F.S9Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown.
AI.VII.F.S10Touch down at a proper pitch attitude within 100 feet beyond or on the specified point, threshold markings, or runway numbers, with no side drift, minimum float, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway centerline.
AI.VII.F.S11Use manufacturer's recommended procedures for airplane configuration and braking.
AI.VII.F.S12Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
AI.VII.F.S13Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.G.K1Purpose of and procedures for confined area takeoff and maximum performance climb.
AI.VII.G.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AI.VII.G.K3Best angle of climb speed (VX) and best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.VII.G.K4Appropriate airplane configuration.
AI.VII.G.K5Effects of water surface.
AI.VII.G.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.G.R1Selection of takeoff path based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.G.R2Effects of:
AI.VII.G.R2aa. Crosswind
AI.VII.G.R2bb. Windshear
AI.VII.G.R2cc. Tailwind
AI.VII.G.R2dd. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.G.R2ee. Water surface/condition
AI.VII.G.R3Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AI.VII.G.R3aa. Rejected takeoff
AI.VII.G.R3bb. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AI.VII.G.R4Collision hazards.
AI.VII.G.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.G.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.G.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.G.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.G.S3Verify assigned/correct takeoff path.
AI.VII.G.S4Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
AI.VII.G.S5Position the flight controls for the existing wind, if applicable.
AI.VII.G.S6Clear the area, taxi into takeoff position utilizing maximum available takeoff area, and align the airplane on the takeoff path.
AI.VII.G.S7Retract the water rudders, as appropriate.
AI.VII.G.S8Establish a pitch attitude that maintains the most efficient planing/lift-off attitude and correct for porpoising and skipping.
AI.VII.G.S9Advance the throttle smoothly to takeoff power and confirm proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation.
AI.VII.G.S10Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s).
AI.VII.G.S11Rotate and lift off at the recommended airspeed, and accelerate to the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX.
AI.VII.G.S12Establish a pitch attitude to maintain the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or VX, ±5 knots until the obstacle is cleared or until the airplane is 50 feet above the surface.
AI.VII.G.S13Establish a pitch attitude for VY and accelerate to VY ±5 knots after clearing the obstacle or at 50 feet above ground level (AGL) if simulating an obstacle.
AI.VII.G.S14Retract flaps, if extended, after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with airplane manufacturer's guidance.
AI.VII.G.S15Maintain VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
AI.VII.G.S16Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.G.S17Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.
AI.VII.G.S18Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.H.K1Purpose of and procedures for confined area approach and landing.
AI.VII.H.K2A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.H.K3Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AI.VII.H.K4Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AI.VII.H.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.H.R1Selection of approach path and touchdown area based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.H.R2Effects of:
AI.VII.H.R2aa. Crosswind
AI.VII.H.R2bb. Windshear
AI.VII.H.R2cc. Tailwind
AI.VII.H.R2dd. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.H.R2ee. Water surface/condition
AI.VII.H.R3Planning for a go-around and rejected landing.
AI.VII.H.R4Collision hazards.
AI.VII.H.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.H.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.H.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.H.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.H.S3Ensure the airplane is aligned for an approach to the correct/assigned landing surface.
AI.VII.H.S4Scan the landing area for traffic and obstructions.
AI.VII.H.S5Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions.
AI.VII.H.S6Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AI.VII.H.S7Maintain manufacturer's published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots with gust factor applied.
AI.VII.H.S8Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
AI.VII.H.S9Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown.
AI.VII.H.S10Contact the water at the recommended airspeed with a proper pitch attitude for the surface conditions.
AI.VII.H.S11Touch down at a proper pitch attitude, within 100 feet beyond or on the specified point, with no side drift, minimum float, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with the projected landing path.
AI.VII.H.S12Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
AI.VII.H.S13Apply elevator control as necessary to stop in the shortest distance consistent with safety.
AI.VII.H.S14Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.I.K1Purpose of and procedures for glassy water takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.I.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AI.VII.I.K3Best angle of climb speed (VX) and best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.VII.I.K4Appropriate airplane configuration.
AI.VII.I.K5Appropriate use of glassy water takeoff and climb technique.
AI.VII.I.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.I.R1Selection of takeoff path based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, and available distance.
AI.VII.I.R2Water surface/condition.
AI.VII.I.R3Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AI.VII.I.R3aa. Rejected takeoff
AI.VII.I.R3bb. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AI.VII.I.R4Collision hazards.
AI.VII.I.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.I.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.I.R7Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AI.VII.I.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.I.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.I.S3Position flight controls and configure the aircraft for the existing conditions.
AI.VII.I.S4Clear the area, select appropriate takeoff path considering surface hazards or vessels and surface conditions.
AI.VII.I.S5Retract the water rudders, as appropriate.
AI.VII.I.S6Advance the throttle smoothly to takeoff power and confirm proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation.
AI.VII.I.S7Establish and maintain an appropriate planing attitude, directional control, and correct for porpoising, skipping, and increase in water drag.
AI.VII.I.S8Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s).
AI.VII.I.S9Use appropriate techniques to lift seaplane from the water considering surface conditions.
AI.VII.I.S10Establish proper attitude/airspeed and accelerate to VY ±5 knots during the climb.
AI.VII.I.S11Configure the airplane after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with airplane manufacturer's instructions.
AI.VII.I.S12Maintain VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
AI.VII.I.S13Maintain directional control throughout takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.I.S14Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.J.K1Purpose of and procedures for glassy water approach and landing.
AI.VII.J.K2A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.J.K3Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AI.VII.J.K4When and why glassy water techniques are used.
AI.VII.J.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.J.R1Selection of approach path and touchdown area based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, and available distance.
AI.VII.J.R2Water surface/condition.
AI.VII.J.R3Planning for a go-around and rejected landing.
AI.VII.J.R4Collision hazards.
AI.VII.J.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.J.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.J.R7Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AI.VII.J.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.J.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.J.S3Scan the landing area for traffic and obstructions.
AI.VII.J.S4Select a proper approach and landing path considering the landing surface, visual attitude references, water depth, and collision hazards.
AI.VII.J.S5Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AI.VII.J.S6Maintain manufacturer's published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, ±5 knots.
AI.VII.J.S7Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of descent to touchdown.
AI.VII.J.S8Contact the water in a proper pitch attitude, and slow to idle taxi speed.
AI.VII.J.S9Maintain directional control throughout the approach and landing.
AI.VII.J.S10Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.K.K1Purpose of and procedures for a rough water takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.K.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
AI.VII.K.K3Best angle of climb speed (VX) and best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.VII.K.K4Appropriate airplane configuration.
AI.VII.K.K5Appropriate use of rough water takeoff and climb technique.
AI.VII.K.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.K.R1Selection of takeoff path based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.K.R2Effects of:
AI.VII.K.R2aa. Crosswind
AI.VII.K.R2bb. Windshear
AI.VII.K.R2cc. Tailwind
AI.VII.K.R2dd. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.K.R2ee. Water surface/condition
AI.VII.K.R3Abnormal operations, including planning for:
AI.VII.K.R3aa. Rejected takeoff
AI.VII.K.R3bb. Potential engine failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
AI.VII.K.R4Collision hazards.
AI.VII.K.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.K.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.K.R7Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AI.VII.K.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.K.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.K.S3Verify assigned/correct takeoff path.
AI.VII.K.S4Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
AI.VII.K.S5Position flight controls and configure the airplane for the existing conditions.
AI.VII.K.S6Clear the area, select an appropriate takeoff path considering wind, swells, surface hazards, or vessels.
AI.VII.K.S7Retract the water rudders, as appropriate.
AI.VII.K.S8Advance the throttle smoothly to takeoff power and confirm proper engine and flight instrument indications prior to rotation.
AI.VII.K.S9Establish and maintain an appropriate planing attitude, directional control, and correct for porpoising, skipping, and increase in water drag.
AI.VII.K.S10Avoid excessive water spray on the propeller(s).
AI.VII.K.S11Lift off at minimum airspeed and accelerate to VY ±5 knots before leaving ground effect.
AI.VII.K.S12Configure the airplane after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with airplane manufacturer's instructions.
AI.VII.K.S13Maintain VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
AI.VII.K.S14Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout takeoff and climb.
AI.VII.K.S15Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.L.K1Purpose of and procedures for rough water approach and landing.
AI.VII.L.K2A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.L.K3Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AI.VII.L.K4Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AI.VII.L.K5When and why rough water techniques are used.
AI.VII.L.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.L.R1Selection of approach path and touchdown area based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.L.R2Effects of:
AI.VII.L.R2aa. Crosswind
AI.VII.L.R2bb. Windshear
AI.VII.L.R2cc. Tailwind
AI.VII.L.R2dd. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.L.R2ee. Water surface/condition
AI.VII.L.R3Planning for a go-around and rejected landing.
AI.VII.L.R4Collision hazards.
AI.VII.L.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.L.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.L.R7Gear position in an amphibious airplane.
AI.VII.L.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.L.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.L.S3Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned waterway.
AI.VII.L.S4Scan the landing area for traffic and obstructions.
AI.VII.L.S5Select and aim for a suitable touchdown point considering the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions.
AI.VII.L.S6Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration, airspeed, and trim, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
AI.VII.L.S7Maintain manufacturer's published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 times the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration (VSO), ±5 knots with gust factor applied.
AI.VII.L.S8Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
AI.VII.L.S9Make smooth, timely, and correct power and control adjustments to maintain proper pitch attitude and rate of descent to touchdown.
AI.VII.L.S10Contact the water in a proper pitch attitude, considering the type of rough water.
AI.VII.L.S11Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.M.K1Purpose of and procedures for forward or side slip to a landing.
AI.VII.M.K2Concepts of energy management during a forward or side slip approach.
AI.VII.M.K3Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
AI.VII.M.K4Wind correction techniques during a forward or side slip.
AI.VII.M.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.M.R1Selection of runway/landing surface, approach path, and touchdown area based on pilot capability, aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.M.R2Effects of:
AI.VII.M.R2aa. Crosswind
AI.VII.M.R2bb. Windshear
AI.VII.M.R2cc. Tailwind
AI.VII.M.R2dd. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.M.R2ee. Landing surface/condition
AI.VII.M.R3Planning for:
AI.VII.M.R3aa. Rejected landing and go-around
AI.VII.M.R3bb. Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)
AI.VII.M.R4Collision hazards.
AI.VII.M.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.M.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.M.R7Forward slip operations, including fuel flowage, tail stalls with flaps, and airspeed control.
AI.VII.M.R8Surface contact with the airplane's longitudinal axis misaligned.
AI.VII.M.R9Unstable approach.
AI.VII.M.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.M.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.M.S3Plan and follow a flightpath to the selected landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.
AI.VII.M.S4Select the most suitable touchdown point based on wind, landing surface, obstructions, and airplane limitations.
AI.VII.M.S5Position airplane on downwind leg, parallel to landing runway or selected landing surface.
AI.VII.M.S6Configure the airplane correctly.
AI.VII.M.S7As necessary, correlate crosswind with direction of slip and transition to sideslip as appropriate before touchdown.
AI.VII.M.S8Touch down at a proper pitch attitude, within 400 feet beyond or on the specified point, with no side drift, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.
AI.VII.M.S9Maintain a ground track aligned with the runway center/landing path.
AI.VII.M.S10Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.N.K1Purpose of and procedures for go-around or rejected landing.
AI.VII.N.K2A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.N.K3Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind and density altitude, on a go-around or rejected landing.
AI.VII.N.K4Wind correction techniques on takeoff/departure and approach/landing.
AI.VII.N.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.N.R1Delayed recognition of the need for a go-around/rejected landing.
AI.VII.N.R2Delayed performance of a go-around at low altitude.
AI.VII.N.R3Power application.
AI.VII.N.R4Configuring the airplane.
AI.VII.N.R5Collision hazards.
AI.VII.N.R6Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.N.R7Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.N.R8Managing a go-around/rejected landing after accepting a LAHSO clearance.
AI.VII.N.R9Runway incursion.
AI.VII.N.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.N.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.N.S3Make a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing.
AI.VII.N.S4Apply takeoff power immediately and transition to climb pitch attitude for VX or VY as appropriate ±5 knots.
AI.VII.N.S5Configure the airplane after a positive rate of climb has been verified or in accordance with airplane manufacturer's instructions.
AI.VII.N.S6Maneuver to the side of the runway/landing area when necessary to clear and avoid conflicting traffic.
AI.VII.N.S7Maintain VY ±5 knots to a safe maneuvering altitude.
AI.VII.N.S8Maintain directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the climb.
AI.VII.N.S9Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.O.K1Purpose of and procedures for proper 180° accuracy approach and landing.
AI.VII.O.K2A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.VII.O.K3Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing.
AI.VII.O.K4Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
AI.VII.O.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VII.O.R1Selection of runway/landing surface, approach path, and touchdown area based on pilot capability, aircraft performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
AI.VII.O.R2Effects of:
AI.VII.O.R2aa. Crosswind
AI.VII.O.R2bb. Windshear
AI.VII.O.R2cc. Tailwind
AI.VII.O.R2dd. Wake turbulence
AI.VII.O.R2ee. Landing surface/condition
AI.VII.O.R3Planning for:
AI.VII.O.R3aa. Rejected landing and go-around
AI.VII.O.R3bb. Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)
AI.VII.O.R4Collision hazards.
AI.VII.O.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.VII.O.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VII.O.R7Forward slip operations, including fuel flowage, tail stalls with flaps, and airspeed control.
AI.VII.O.S1Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.VII.O.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
AI.VII.O.S3Plan and follow a flightpath to the selected landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.
AI.VII.O.S4Select the most suitable touchdown point based on wind, landing surface, obstructions, and aircraft limitations.
AI.VII.O.S5Position airplane on downwind leg, parallel to landing runway.
AI.VII.O.S6Correctly configure the airplane.
AI.VII.O.S7As necessary, correlate crosswind with direction of forward slip and transition to side slip before touchdown.
AI.VII.O.S8Touch down at a proper pitch attitude, within 200 feet beyond or on the specified point with no side drift and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway centerline or landing path, as applicable.
AI.VII.O.S9Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VIII.A.K1Purpose of and procedures for proper straight-and-level flight.
AI.VIII.A.K2Flight control and trim use.
AI.VIII.A.K3The pilot's visual references when performing the maneuver.
AI.VIII.A.K4Integrated flight instruction.
AI.VIII.A.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VIII.A.R1Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VIII.A.R2Collision hazards.
AI.VIII.A.S1Establish and maintain straight-and-level flight.
AI.VIII.A.S2Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VIII.B.K1Purpose of and procedures for level turns.
AI.VIII.B.K2Flight control and trim use.
AI.VIII.B.K3The pilot's visual references when performing the maneuver.
AI.VIII.B.K4Integrated flight instruction.
AI.VIII.B.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VIII.B.R1Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VIII.B.R2Collision hazards.
AI.VIII.B.S1Establish, maintain, and roll out of a level turn.
AI.VIII.B.S2Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VIII.C.K1Purpose of and procedures for straight climbs and climbing turns.
AI.VIII.C.K2Flight control and trim use.
AI.VIII.C.K3The pilot's visual references when performing the maneuver.
AI.VIII.C.K4Integrated flight instruction.
AI.VIII.C.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VIII.C.R1Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VIII.C.R2Collision hazards.
AI.VIII.C.S1Establish, maintain, and level off from climbs and climbing turns.
AI.VIII.C.S2Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.VIII.D.K1Purpose of and procedures for straight descents and descending turns.
AI.VIII.D.K2Flight control and trim use.
AI.VIII.D.K3The pilot's visual references when performing the maneuver.
AI.VIII.D.K4Integrated flight instruction.
AI.VIII.D.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.VIII.D.R1Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.VIII.D.R2Collision hazards.
AI.VIII.D.S1Establish, maintain, and level off from straight descents and descending turns.
AI.VIII.D.S2Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.IX.A.K1Purpose of and procedures for steep turn.
AI.IX.A.K2Pilot sensations and control forces.
AI.IX.A.K3Aerodynamics associated with steep turns, including:
AI.IX.A.K3aa. Maintaining coordinated flight
AI.IX.A.K3bb. Overbanking tendencies
AI.IX.A.K3cc. Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes
AI.IX.A.K3dd. Load factor and accelerated stalls
AI.IX.A.K3ee. Rate and radius of turn
AI.IX.A.K4Common errors related to this Task.
AI.IX.A.R1Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
AI.IX.A.R2Collision hazards.
AI.IX.A.R3Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.IX.A.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.IX.A.R5Uncoordinated flight.
AI.IX.A.S1Clear the area.
AI.IX.A.S2Establish the manufacturer's recommended airspeed; or if one is not available, an airspeed not to exceed maneuvering speed (VA).
AI.IX.A.S3Roll into a coordinated 360° steep turn with approximately a 50° bank.
AI.IX.A.S4Perform the Task in the opposite direction.
AI.IX.A.S5Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the entry heading ±10°.
AI.IX.A.S6Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.IX.B.K1Purpose of and procedures for a proper steep spiral.
AI.IX.B.K2Relationship to emergency landing procedures.
AI.IX.B.K3Maintaining a constant radius about a point.
AI.IX.B.K4Effects of wind on ground track and relation to a ground reference.
AI.IX.B.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.IX.B.R1Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
AI.IX.B.R2Collision hazards.
AI.IX.B.R3Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.IX.B.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.IX.B.R5Uncoordinated flight.
AI.IX.B.R6Effects of wind.
AI.IX.B.R7Airframe or airspeed limitations.
AI.IX.B.S1Clear the area.
AI.IX.B.S2Select an altitude sufficient to continue through a series of at least three, 360° turns.
AI.IX.B.S3Establish and maintain a steep spiral, not to exceed 60° angle of bank, to maintain a constant radius about a suitable ground reference point.
AI.IX.B.S4Apply wind-drift correction to track a constant radius circle around selected reference point with bank not to exceed 60° a steepest point in turn.
AI.IX.B.S5Divide attention between airplane control, traffic avoidance and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.
AI.IX.B.S6Maintain the specified airspeed, ±10 knots and roll out toward an object or specified heading, ±10°, and complete the maneuver no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.IX.B.S7Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.IX.C.K1Purpose of and procedures for chandelles.
AI.IX.C.K2Aerodynamics associated with chandelles, including:
AI.IX.C.K2aa. Maintaining coordinated flight
AI.IX.C.K2bb. Overbanking tendencies
AI.IX.C.K2cc. Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes
AI.IX.C.K2dd. Accelerated stalls
AI.IX.C.K3Appropriate airplane configuration for maximum performance climb.
AI.IX.C.K4Proper pitch control required for continuously decreasing airspeed.
AI.IX.C.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.IX.C.R1Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
AI.IX.C.R2Collision hazards.
AI.IX.C.R3Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.IX.C.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.IX.C.R5Uncoordinated flight.
AI.IX.C.R6Energy management.
AI.IX.C.R7Rate and radius of turn with confined area operations.
AI.IX.C.S1Clear the area.
AI.IX.C.S2Select an altitude that allows the maneuver to be performed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.IX.C.S3Establish the appropriate entry configuration, power, and airspeed.
AI.IX.C.S4Establish the angle of bank at approximately 30°.
AI.IX.C.S5Simultaneously apply power and pitch to maintain a smooth, coordinated climbing turn, in either direction, to the 90° point, with a constant bank and continuously decreasing airspeed.
AI.IX.C.S6Begin a coordinated constant rate rollout from the 90° point to the 180° point maintaining power and a constant pitch attitude.
AI.IX.C.S7Complete rollout at the 180° point, ±10° just above a stall airspeed, and maintaining that airspeed momentarily avoiding a stall.
AI.IX.C.S8Resume a straight-and-level flight with minimum loss of altitude.
AI.IX.C.S9Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.IX.D.K1Purpose of and procedures for lazy eights.
AI.IX.D.K2Aerodynamics associated with lazy eights, including how to maintain coordinated flight.
AI.IX.D.K3Performance and airspeed limitations.
AI.IX.D.K4Phases of the lazy eight maneuver from entry to recovery.
AI.IX.D.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.IX.D.R1Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
AI.IX.D.R2Collision hazards.
AI.IX.D.R3Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.IX.D.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.IX.D.R5Uncoordinated flight.
AI.IX.D.R6Energy management.
AI.IX.D.R7Accelerated stalls.
AI.IX.D.S1Clear the area.
AI.IX.D.S2Select an altitude that allows the maneuver to be performed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.IX.D.S3Establish the recommended entry configuration, power, and airspeed.
AI.IX.D.S4Maintain coordinated flight throughout the maneuver.
AI.IX.D.S5Complete the maneuver in accordance with the following:
AI.IX.D.S5aa. Approximately 30° bank at the steepest point
AI.IX.D.S5bb. Constant change of pitch and roll rate and airspeed
AI.IX.D.S5cc. Altitude at 180° point, ±100 feet from entry altitude
AI.IX.D.S5dd. Airspeed at the 180° point, ±10 knots from entry airspeed
AI.IX.D.S5ee. Heading at the 180° point, ±10°
AI.IX.D.S6Continue the maneuver through the number of symmetrical loops specified, then resume straight-and- level flight.
AI.IX.D.S7Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.IX.E.K1Purpose of and procedures for ground reference maneuvers.
AI.IX.E.K2Effects of wind on ground track and relation to a ground reference.
AI.IX.E.K3Effects of bank angle and groundspeed on rate and radius of turn.
AI.IX.E.K4Relationship of rectangular course to airport traffic pattern.
AI.IX.E.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.IX.E.R1Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
AI.IX.E.R2Collision hazards.
AI.IX.E.R3Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.IX.E.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.IX.E.R5Uncoordinated flight.
AI.IX.E.S1Clear the area.
AI.IX.E.S2Select a suitable ground reference area, line, or point as appropriate.
AI.IX.E.S3Plan the maneuver:
AI.IX.E.S3aa. Rectangular course: enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet above ground level (AGL) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45° to the downwind leg
AI.IX.E.S3bb. S-turns: enter perpendicular to the selected reference line, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area
AI.IX.E.S3cc. Turns around a point: enter at an appropriate distance from the reference point, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area
AI.IX.E.S4Apply adequate wind-drift correction during straight and turning flight to maintain a constant ground track around a rectangular reference area, or to maintain a constant radius turn on each side of a selected reference line or point.
AI.IX.E.S5If performing S-Turns, reverse the turn directly over the selected reference line; if performing turns around a point, complete turns in either direction, as specified by the evaluator.
AI.IX.E.S6Divide attention between airplane control, traffic avoidance and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.
AI.IX.E.S7Maintain altitude ±100 feet; maintain airspeed ±10 knots.
AI.IX.E.S8Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.IX.F.K1Purpose of and procedures for eights on pylons.
AI.IX.F.K2Aerodynamics associated with the eights on pylons, including coordinated and uncoordinated flight.
AI.IX.F.K3Pivotal altitude and factors that affect it.
AI.IX.F.K4Effect of wind on ground track.
AI.IX.F.K5Phases of the eights on pylons maneuver from entry to recovery.
AI.IX.F.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.IX.F.R1Division of attention between aircraft control and orientation.
AI.IX.F.R2Collision hazards.
AI.IX.F.R3Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.IX.F.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.IX.F.R5Uncoordinated flight.
AI.IX.F.R6Energy management.
AI.IX.F.R7Emergency landing considerations.
AI.IX.F.S1Clear the area.
AI.IX.F.S2Determine the approximate pivotal altitude.
AI.IX.F.S3Select suitable pylons that permits straight-and-level flight between the pylons.
AI.IX.F.S4Enter the maneuver in the correct direction and position using an appropriate altitude and airspeed.
AI.IX.F.S5Establish the correct bank angle for the conditions, not to exceed 40°.
AI.IX.F.S6Apply smooth and continuous corrections so that the line-of-sight reference line remains on the pylon.
AI.IX.F.S7Divide attention between accurate, coordinated airplane control and outside visual references.
AI.IX.F.S8Maintain pylon position using appropriate pivotal altitude, avoiding slips and skids.
AI.IX.F.S9Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.A.K1Purpose of and procedures for proper slow flight.
AI.X.A.K2Aerodynamics associated with slow flight in various airplane configurations, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, airplane weight and center of gravity, airplane attitude, and yaw effects.
AI.X.A.K3Common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.A.R1Inadvertent slow flight and flight with a stall warning, which could lead to loss of control.
AI.X.A.R2Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.A.R3Uncoordinated flight.
AI.X.A.R4Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high- density altitude).
AI.X.A.R5Collision hazards.
AI.X.A.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.A.S1Clear the area.
AI.X.A.S2Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL) (ASEL, ASES) or 3,000 feet AGL (AMEL, AMES).
AI.X.A.S3Establish and maintain an airspeed at which any further increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or reduction in power, would result in a stall warning (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.A.S4Accomplish coordinated straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents with the aircraft configured as specified by the evaluator without a stall warning (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.A.S5Maintain the specified altitude, ±50 feet; specified heading, ±10°; airspeed, +5/-0 knots; and specified angle of bank, ±5°.
AI.X.A.S6Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.B.K1Purpose of and procedures for demonstration of flight characteristics at various configurations and airspeeds.
AI.X.B.K2Power required at various airspeeds between cruise airspeed and critically slow airspeeds near the critical angle of attack.
AI.X.B.K3The minimum power required speed and its role in differentiating the region of normal command and the region of reversed command on the power-required curve.
AI.X.B.K4The relationships between lift, drag, angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power required, weight, center of gravity, attitude, yaw effects, controllability, and stalls and spins.
AI.X.B.K5Pitch, power, and trim control inputs that are required to operate the airplane in level flight, turns, climbs, and descents and how the control inputs change at various airspeeds between cruise airspeed and critically slow airspeeds.
AI.X.B.K6Flight characteristics and aerodynamics associated with configuration changes applicable to the specific to the make and model of airplane provided for the practical test.
AI.X.B.K7Airspeeds specific to the airplane for various operations, how to identify them on the airspeed indicator (if applicable), and their significance in airplane performance, including:
AI.X.B.K7aa. Design/operating maneuvering speed
AI.X.B.K7bb. Landing gear extended/operating speed, if applicable
AI.X.B.K7cc. Flaps extended/operating speed, if applicable
AI.X.B.K7dd. Best glide speed
AI.X.B.K7ee. Reference landing speed
AI.X.B.K7ff. Stalling speeds
AI.X.B.K8Common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.B.R1Lack of familiarity with airplane airspeed limitations and interpretation of the airspeed indicator.
AI.X.B.R2Exceeding airspeed limitations.
AI.X.B.R3Flight characteristics in the region of reversed command and the potential for loss of control.
AI.X.B.R4Inadvertent exceedance of the critical angle of attack.
AI.X.B.R5Range, limitations, and operational characteristics of airspeed indicators and stall warning indicators (e.g., airplane buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.B.R6Unacknowledged stall warning indications.
AI.X.B.R7Effects of environmental elements on airplane performance and controllability. (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high density altitude).
AI.X.B.R8Collision hazards.
AI.X.B.R9Maneuvering at critically slow airspeeds.
AI.X.B.S1Conduct and explain the procedure, manage the associated risk, and fly the airplane, while maintaining altitude ±100 feet, airspeed +5/-0 knots, heading ±10°, and specified bank angle ±5°, as appropriate.
AI.X.B.S2Select an altitude that allows the maneuver to be performed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.X.B.S3Clear the area.
AI.X.B.S4Clean configuration demonstration:
AI.X.B.S4aa. Establish and maintain design/operating maneuvering speed appropriate to the airplane's weight while describing pitch, power, and trim inputs to maintain altitude and airspeed, then;
AI.X.B.S4bb. With gear and flaps retracted (as applicable), slow the airplane to, and maintain, best glide speed (or as specified by evaluator), noting the power setting required, then;
AI.X.B.S4cc. Continue to slow the airplane to, and maintain, an airspeed at which any further increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or reduction in power would result in an immediate stall, and maintain that airspeed in level flight, noting the airspeed and power setting required, while;
AI.X.B.S4dd. Verbally acknowledging stall warning indications, then;
AI.X.B.S4ee. Without changing power setting, lower the pitch attitude and accelerate to a faster airspeed until reestablishing the airplane in level flight, noting the new airspeed and amount of altitude lost, then;
AI.X.B.S4ff. Return to normal cruise flight at the altitude and heading specified by the evaluator
AI.X.B.S5Landing configuration demonstration.
AI.X.B.S5aa. Establish and maintain design/operating maneuvering speed appropriate to the airplane's weight while describing pitch, power, and trim inputs to maintain altitude and airspeed, then;
AI.X.B.S5bb. Slow the airplane to, and maintain, the appropriate limiting airspeeds and fully extend the landing gear and flaps (as appropriate), then;
AI.X.B.S5cc. With gear and flaps fully extended (as applicable), slow the airplane to, and maintain, reference landing speed (or as specified by the evaluator), noting the power setting required, then;
AI.X.B.S5dd. With gear and flaps fully extended, continue to slow the airplane to, and maintain, an airspeed at which any further increase in angle of attack, increase in load factor, or reduction in power would result in an immediate stall, and maintain that airspeed in level flight, noting the airspeed and power setting required, while;
AI.X.B.S5ee. Verbally acknowledging stall warning indications, then;
AI.X.B.S5ff. Without changing power setting, lower the pitch attitude and accelerate to a faster airspeed until reestablishing the airplane in in level flight, noting the new airspeed and amount of altitude lost, then;
AI.X.B.S5gg. Return to normal cruise flight at the altitude and heading specified by the evaluator
AI.X.B.S6Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.C.K1Purpose of and procedures for power-off stalls.
AI.X.C.K2Aerodynamics associated with stalls in various airplane configurations, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, airplane weight and center of gravity, airplane attitude, and yaw effects.
AI.X.C.K3Stall characteristics as they relate to airplane design, and recognition impending stall and full stall indications using sight, sound, or feel.
AI.X.C.K4Factors and situations that can lead to a power-off stall and actions that can be taken to prevent it.
AI.X.C.K5Fundamentals of stall recovery.
AI.X.C.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.C.R1Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent power-off stall, spin, and loss of control.
AI.X.C.R2Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.C.R3Stall warning(s) during normal operations.
AI.X.C.R4Stall recovery procedure.
AI.X.C.R5Secondary stalls, accelerated stalls, and cross-control stalls.
AI.X.C.R6Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance related to power-off stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AI.X.C.R7Collision hazards.
AI.X.C.R8Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.C.S1Clear the area.
AI.X.C.S2Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL) (ASEL, ASES) or 3,000 feet AGL (AMEL, AMES).
AI.X.C.S3Configure the airplane in the approach or landing configuration, as specified by the evaluator, and maintain coordinated flight throughout the maneuver.
AI.X.C.S4Establish a stabilized descent.
AI.X.C.S5Transition smoothly from the approach or landing attitude to a pitch attitude that induces a stall.
AI.X.C.S6Maintain a specified heading, ±10° if in straight flight; maintain a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20°, ±5° if in turning flight, until an impending or full stall occurs, as specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.C.S7Acknowledge the cues at the first indication of a stall (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.C.S8Recover at the first indication of a stall or after a full stall has occurred, as specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.C.S9Configure the airplane as recommended by the manufacturer, and accelerate to best angle of climb speed (VX) or best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.X.C.S10Return to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.C.S11Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.D.K1Purpose of and procedures for power-on stalls.
AI.X.D.K2Aerodynamics associated with stalls in various airplane configurations, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, airplane weight and center of gravity, airplane attitude, and yaw effects.
AI.X.D.K3Stall characteristics as they relate to airplane design, and recognition impending stall and full stall indications using sight, sound, or feel.
AI.X.D.K4Factors and situations that can lead to a power-on stall and actions that can be taken to prevent it.
AI.X.D.K5Fundamentals of stall recovery.
AI.X.D.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.D.R1Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent power-on stall, spin, and loss of control.
AI.X.D.R2Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.D.R3Stall warning(s) during normal operations.
AI.X.D.R4Stall recovery procedure.
AI.X.D.R5Secondary stalls, accelerated stalls, elevator trim stalls, and cross-control stalls.
AI.X.D.R6Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance related to power-on stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AI.X.D.R7Collision hazards.
AI.X.D.R8Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.D.S1Clear the area.
AI.X.D.S2Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 1,500 feet above ground level (AGL) (ASEL, ASES) or 3,000 feet AGL (AMEL, AMES).
AI.X.D.S3Establish the takeoff, departure, or cruise configuration, as specified by the evaluator, and maintain coordinated flight throughout the maneuver.
AI.X.D.S4Set power to no less than 65 percent power.
AI.X.D.S5Transition smoothly from the takeoff or departure attitude to the pitch attitude that induces a stall.
AI.X.D.S6Maintain a specified heading ±10° if in straight flight; maintain a specified angle of bank not to exceed 20°, ±10° if in turning flight, until an impending or full stall is reached, as specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.D.S7Acknowledge the cues at the first indication of a stall (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.D.S8Recover at the first indication of a stall or after a full stall has occurred, as specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.D.S9Configure the airplane as recommended by the manufacturer, and accelerate to best angle of climb speed (VX) or best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.X.D.S10Return to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.D.S11Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.E.K1Purpose of and procedures for accelerated stalls.
AI.X.E.K2Aerodynamics associated with accelerated stalls in various airplane configurations, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, airplane weight and center of gravity, airplane attitude, and yaw effects.
AI.X.E.K3Stall characteristics as they relate to airplane design, and recognition impending stall and full stall indications using sight, sound, or feel.
AI.X.E.K4Factors leading to an accelerated stall and preventive actions.
AI.X.E.K5Fundamentals of stall recovery.
AI.X.E.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.E.R1Factors and situations that could lead to an inadvertent accelerated stall, spin, and loss of control.
AI.X.E.R2Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.E.R3Stall warning(s) during normal operations.
AI.X.E.R4Stall recovery procedure.
AI.X.E.R5Secondary stalls, cross-control stalls, and spins.
AI.X.E.R6Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance related to accelerated stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AI.X.E.R7Collision hazards.
AI.X.E.R8Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.E.S1Clear the area.
AI.X.E.S2Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.X.E.S3Establish the configuration as specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.E.S4Set power appropriate for the configuration, such that the airspeed does not exceed the maneuvering speed (VA) or any other applicable Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)/Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) limitation.
AI.X.E.S5Establish and maintain a coordinated turn in a 45° bank, increasing elevator back pressure smoothly and firmly until an impending stall is reached.
AI.X.E.S6Acknowledge the cues at the first indication of a stall (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.E.S7Execute a stall recovery in accordance with procedures set forth in the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)/Flight Manual (FM).
AI.X.E.S8Configure the airplane as recommended by the manufacturer, and accelerate to best angle of climb speed (VX) or best rate of climb speed (VY).
AI.X.E.S9Return to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.E.S10Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.F.K1Aerodynamics of cross-controlled stalls.
AI.X.F.K2Flight situations where unintentional cross-controlled stalls may occur.
AI.X.F.K3Recognition of cross-controlled stalls.
AI.X.F.K4Entry procedure and minimum entry altitude.
AI.X.F.K5Recovery procedure.
AI.X.F.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.F.R1Stall recovery procedure.
AI.X.F.R2Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance related to cross-controlled stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AI.X.F.R3Collision hazards.
AI.X.F.R4Aircraft limitations.
AI.X.F.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.F.S1Clear the area.
AI.X.F.S2Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.X.F.S3Configure the airplane (with gear down) and close the throttle.
AI.X.F.S4Establish a normal glide airspeed and trim the airplane.
AI.X.F.S5Roll into a medium-banked turn, apply excess rudder in the turn while holding bank constant with opposite aileron input, and add elevator pressure to keep the nose from lowering.
AI.X.F.S6Acknowledge the cues at the first indication of a stall (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.F.S7Recover at the first indication of a stall or after a full stall has occurred, as specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.F.S8Describe and demonstrate conditions that lead to a cross-controlled stall for future avoidance.
AI.X.F.S9Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.G.K1Aerodynamics of elevator trim stalls.
AI.X.G.K2Flight situations where elevator trim stalls could occur.
AI.X.G.K3Recognition of elevator trim stalls.
AI.X.G.K4Entry procedure and minimum entry altitude.
AI.X.G.K5Recovery procedure.
AI.X.G.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.G.R1Stall recovery procedure.
AI.X.G.R2Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance related to cross-controlled stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AI.X.G.R3Collision hazards.
AI.X.G.R4Aircraft limitations.
AI.X.G.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.G.S1Clear the area.
AI.X.G.S2Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.X.G.S3Retard the throttle and configure the airplane for landing.
AI.X.G.S4Establish a normal glide airspeed and trim the airplane.
AI.X.G.S5Advance the throttle to the maximum allowable power as in a go-around.
AI.X.G.S6Acknowledge the cues at the first indication of a stall (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.G.S7Recover at the first indication of a stall or after a full stall has occurred, as specified by the evaluator.
AI.X.G.S8Adjust trim and return to the desired flightpath.
AI.X.G.S9Describe and demonstrate conditions that lead to an elevator trim stall for future avoidance.
AI.X.G.S10Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.H.K1Aerodynamics of secondary stalls.
AI.X.H.K2Flight situations where secondary stalls may occur.
AI.X.H.K3Recognition of a secondary stall.
AI.X.H.K4Entry procedure and minimum entry altitude.
AI.X.H.K5Recovery procedure.
AI.X.H.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.H.R1Stall recovery procedure.
AI.X.H.R2Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance related to cross-controlled stalls (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AI.X.H.R3Collision hazards.
AI.X.H.R4Aircraft limitations.
AI.X.H.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.H.S1Clear the area.
AI.X.H.S2Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 3,000 feet above ground level (AGL).
AI.X.H.S3Enter a stall in a specified configuration and exceed the critical angle of attach a second time during the recovery.
AI.X.H.S4Recover promptly and appropriately after a secondary stall occurs.
AI.X.H.S5Describe and demonstrate conditions that lead to a secondary stall for future avoidance.
AI.X.H.S6Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.I.K1Purpose of and procedures for spin awareness and spins.
AI.X.I.K2Aerodynamics associated with spins in various airplane configurations, including the relationship between angle of attack, airspeed, load factor, power setting, airplane weight and center of gravity, airplane attitude, and yaw effects.
AI.X.I.K3What causes a spin and how to identify the entry, incipient, and developed phases of a spin.
AI.X.I.K4Spin recovery procedure.
AI.X.I.K5Human factors associated with spin instruction.
AI.X.I.K6How to determine if an airplane approved for the spin maneuver based on airworthiness category and type certificate.
AI.X.I.K7Flight situations where unintentional spins may occur.
AI.X.I.K8Entry procedure and minimum entry altitude for intentional spins.
AI.X.I.K9Control procedure to maintain a stabilized spin.
AI.X.I.K10Recognize conditions that lead to a spin for future avoidance.
AI.X.I.K11Orientation during a spin, including which instrument(s) are reliable for determining the directions of spin.
AI.X.I.K12Recovery procedure and minimum recovery altitude for intentional spins.
AI.X.I.K13Common errors related to this Task.
AI.X.I.R1Factors and situations that could lead to inadvertent spin and loss of control.
AI.X.I.R2Range and limitations of stall warning indicators (e.g., aircraft buffet, stall horn, etc.).
AI.X.I.R3Spin recovery procedure.
AI.X.I.R4Effect of environmental elements on airplane performance related to spins (e.g., turbulence, microbursts, and high-density altitude).
AI.X.I.R5Collision hazards.
AI.X.I.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.X.I.S1Clear the area.
AI.X.I.S2Select an entry altitude that allows the Task to be completed no lower than 4,000 feet AGL.
AI.X.I.S3Enter and recover from an intentional spin if requested by the evaluator.
AI.X.I.S4Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XI.A.K1Flight instruments as they relate to:
AI.XI.A.K1aa. Instrument limitations and potential errors
AI.XI.A.K1bb. Indication of the aircraft attitude
AI.XI.A.K1cc. Function and operation
AI.XI.A.K1dd. Proper instrument cross-check techniques
AI.XI.A.K2Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XI.A.R1Instrument flying hazards, including failure to maintain visual flight rules (VFR), spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
AI.XI.A.R2When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
AI.XI.A.R3Collision hazards.
AI.XI.A.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XI.A.R5Fixation and omission.
AI.XI.A.R6Instrument Interpretation.
AI.XI.A.R7Control application solely by reference to instruments.
AI.XI.A.R8Trimming the aircraft.
AI.XI.A.S1Maintain straight-and-level flight using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application.
AI.XI.A.S2Maintain altitude ±100 feet, heading ±10°, and airspeed ±10 knots.
AI.XI.A.S3Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XI.B.K1Flight instruments as they relate to:
AI.XI.B.K1aa. Instrument limitations and potential errors
AI.XI.B.K1bb. Indication of the aircraft attitude
AI.XI.B.K1cc. Function and operation
AI.XI.B.K1dd. Proper instrument cross-check techniques
AI.XI.B.K2Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XI.B.R1Instrument flying hazards, including failure to maintain visual flight rules (VFR), spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
AI.XI.B.R2When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
AI.XI.B.R3Collision hazards.
AI.XI.B.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XI.B.R5Fixation and omission.
AI.XI.B.R6Instrument Interpretation.
AI.XI.B.R7Control application solely by reference to instruments.
AI.XI.B.R8Trimming the aircraft.
AI.XI.B.S1Transition to the climb pitch attitude and power setting on an assigned heading using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated flight control application.
AI.XI.B.S2Climb at a constant airspeed to specific altitudes in straight flight and turns.
AI.XI.B.S3Level off at the assigned altitude and maintain altitude ±100 feet, heading ±10°, and airspeed ±10 knots.
AI.XI.B.S4Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XI.C.K1Flight instruments as they relate to:
AI.XI.C.K1aa. Instrument limitations and potential errors
AI.XI.C.K1bb. Indication of the aircraft attitude
AI.XI.C.K1cc. Function and operation
AI.XI.C.K1dd. Proper instrument cross-check techniques
AI.XI.C.K2Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XI.C.R1Instrument flying hazards, including failure to maintain visual flight rules (VFR), spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
AI.XI.C.R2When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
AI.XI.C.R3Collision hazards.
AI.XI.C.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XI.C.R5Fixation and omission.
AI.XI.C.R6Instrument Interpretation.
AI.XI.C.R7Control application solely by reference to instruments.
AI.XI.C.R8Trimming the aircraft.
AI.XI.C.S1Transition to the descent pitch attitude and power setting on an assigned heading using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated flight control application.
AI.XI.C.S2Descend at a constant airspeed to specific altitudes in straight flight and turns.
AI.XI.C.S3Level off at the assigned altitude and maintain altitude ±100 feet, heading ±10°, and airspeed ±10 knots.
AI.XI.C.S4Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XI.D.K1Flight instruments as they relate to:
AI.XI.D.K1aa. Instrument limitations and potential errors
AI.XI.D.K1bb. Indication of the aircraft attitude
AI.XI.D.K1cc. Function and operation
AI.XI.D.K1dd. Proper instrument cross-check techniques
AI.XI.D.K2Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XI.D.R1Instrument flying hazards, including failure to maintain visual flight rules (VFR), spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
AI.XI.D.R2When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
AI.XI.D.R3Collision hazards.
AI.XI.D.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XI.D.R5Fixation and omission.
AI.XI.D.R6Instrument Interpretation.
AI.XI.D.R7Control application solely by reference to instruments.
AI.XI.D.R8Trimming the aircraft.
AI.XI.D.S1Turns to headings, maintain altitude ±100 feet, maintain a standard rate turn, roll out on the assigned heading ±10°, and maintain airspeed ±10 knots.
AI.XI.D.S2Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XI.E.K1Prevention of unusual attitudes, including flight causal, physiological, and environmental factors, and system and equipment failures.
AI.XI.E.K2Procedures for recovery from unusual attitudes in flight.
AI.XI.E.K3Procedures available to safely regain visual meteorological conditions (VMC) after flight into inadvertent instrument meteorological conditions or unintended instrument meteorological conditions (IIMC)/(UIMC).
AI.XI.E.K4Appropriate use of automation, if applicable.
AI.XI.E.K5Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XI.E.R1Situations that could lead to loss of control in-flight (LOC-I) or unusual attitudes in-flight (e.g., stress, task saturation, inadequate instrument scan distractions, and spatial disorientation).
AI.XI.E.R2Assessment of the unusual attitude.
AI.XI.E.R3Control input errors, inducing undesired aircraft attitudes.
AI.XI.E.R4Collision hazards.
AI.XI.E.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XI.E.R6Interpreting flight instruments.
AI.XI.E.R7Control application solely by reference to instruments.
AI.XI.E.R8Operating envelope considerations.
AI.XI.E.S1Use proper instrument cross-check and interpretation to identify an unusual attitude (including both nose-high and nose-low) in flight, and apply the appropriate flight control, power input, and aircraft configuration in the correct sequence, to return to a stabilized level flight attitude.
AI.XI.E.S2Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
AI.XI.E.S3Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XII.A.K1Purpose of and procedures for emergency descent.
AI.XII.A.K2Situations that would require an emergency descent (e.g., depressurization, smoke, or engine fire).
AI.XII.A.K3Immediate action items and emergency procedures.
AI.XII.A.K4Aircraft performance and limitations.
AI.XII.A.K5Airspeed, including airspeed limitations.
AI.XII.A.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XII.A.R1Altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions, gliding distance, and available landing distance considerations.
AI.XII.A.R2Collision hazards.
AI.XII.A.R3Configuring the airplane.
AI.XII.A.R4Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XII.A.S1Clear the area.
AI.XII.A.S2Establish and maintain the appropriate airspeed and configuration appropriate to the scenario specified by the evaluator and as covered in Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)/Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for the emergency descent.
AI.XII.A.S3Maintain orientation, divide attention appropriately, and plan and execute a smooth recovery.
AI.XII.A.S4Use bank angle between 30° and 45° to maintain positive load factors during the descent.
AI.XII.A.S5Maintain appropriate airspeed +0/-10 knots, and level off at a specified altitude ±100 feet.
AI.XII.A.S6Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XII.A.S7Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XII.B.K1Immediate action items and emergency procedures.
AI.XII.B.K2Airspeed, including:
AI.XII.B.K2aa. Importance of best glide speed and its relationship to distance
AI.XII.B.K2bb. Difference between best glide speed and minimum sink speed
AI.XII.B.K2cc. Effects of wind on glide distance
AI.XII.B.K3Effects of atmospheric conditions on emergency approach and landing.
AI.XII.B.K4A stabilized approach, including energy management concepts.
AI.XII.B.K5Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) and other emergency locating devices.
AI.XII.B.K6Air traffic control (ATC) services to aircraft in distress.
AI.XII.B.K7Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XII.B.R1Altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions, gliding distance, and available landing distance considerations.
AI.XII.B.R2Following or changing the planned flightpath to the selected landing area.
AI.XII.B.R3Collision hazards.
AI.XII.B.R4Configuring the airplane.
AI.XII.B.R5Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.XII.B.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XII.B.S1Establish and maintain the recommended best glide airspeed, ±10 knots.
AI.XII.B.S2Configure the airplane in accordance with the Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH)\Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) and existing conditions.
AI.XII.B.S3Select a suitable landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions, and available glide distance.
AI.XII.B.S4Plan and follow a flightpath to the selected landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.
AI.XII.B.S5Prepare for landing as specified by the evaluator.
AI.XII.B.S6Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XII.B.S7Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XII.C.K1Causes of partial or complete power loss related to the specific type of powerplant(s).
AI.XII.C.K2System and equipment malfunctions specific to the aircraft, including:
AI.XII.C.K2aa. Electrical malfunction
AI.XII.C.K2bb. Vacuum/pressure and associated flight instrument malfunctions
AI.XII.C.K2cc. Pitot-static system malfunction
AI.XII.C.K2dd. Electronic flight deck display malfunction
AI.XII.C.K2ee. Landing gear or flap malfunction
AI.XII.C.K2ff. Inoperative trim
AI.XII.C.K3Causes and remedies for smoke or fire onboard the aircraft.
AI.XII.C.K4Any other system specific to the aircraft (e.g., supplemental oxygen, deicing).
AI.XII.C.K5Inadvertent door or window opening.
AI.XII.C.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XII.C.R1Startle response.
AI.XII.C.R2Checklist usage for a system or equipment malfunction.
AI.XII.C.R3Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XII.C.R4Undesired aircraft state.
AI.XII.C.S1Determine appropriate action for simulated emergencies specified by the evaluator, from at least three of the elements or sub-elements listed in K1 through K5.
AI.XII.C.S2Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XII.C.S3Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XII.D.K1Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) operations, limitations, and testing requirements.
AI.XII.D.K2Fire extinguisher operations and limitations.
AI.XII.D.K3Emergency equipment and survival gear needed for:
AI.XII.D.K3aa. Climate extremes (hot/cold)
AI.XII.D.K3bb. Mountainous terrain
AI.XII.D.K3cc. Overwater operations
AI.XII.D.K4When to deploy a ballistic parachute and associated passenger briefings, if equipped.
AI.XII.D.K5When to activate an emergency auto-land system and brief passengers, if equipped.
AI.XII.D.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XII.D.R1Survival gear (water, clothing, shelter) for 48 to 72 hours.
AI.XII.D.R2Use of a ballistic parachute system.
AI.XII.D.R3Use of an emergency auto-land system, if installed.
AI.XII.D.S1Identify appropriate equipment and personal gear.
AI.XII.D.S2Brief passengers on proper use of on-board emergency equipment and survival gear.
AI.XII.D.S3Simulate ballistic parachute deployment procedures, if equipped.
AI.XII.D.S4Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XII.E.K1Factors affecting minimum controllable speed (VMC).
AI.XII.E.K2VMC (red line) and best single-engine rate of climb airspeed (VYSE) (blue line).
AI.XII.E.K3Accelerate/stop distance.
AI.XII.E.K4Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XII.E.R1Potential engine failure during takeoff.
AI.XII.E.R2Configuring the airplane.
AI.XII.E.R3Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XII.E.S1Close the throttles smoothly and promptly when a simulated engine failure occurs.
AI.XII.E.S2Maintain directional control and apply brakes (AMEL), or flight controls (AMES), as necessary.
AI.XII.E.S3Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XII.F.K1Factors affecting minimum controllable speed (VMC).
AI.XII.F.K2VMC (red line), VYSE (blue line), and safe single-engine speed (VSSE).
AI.XII.F.K3Accelerate/stop and accelerate/go distances.
AI.XII.F.K4How to identify, verify, feather, and secure an inoperative engine.
AI.XII.F.K5Importance of drag reduction, including propeller feathering, gear and flap retraction, the manufacturer's recommended control input and its relation to zero sideslip.
AI.XII.F.K6Simulated propeller feathering and the evaluator's zero-thrust procedures and responsibilities.
AI.XII.F.K7Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XII.F.R1Potential engine failure after lift-off.
AI.XII.F.R2Collision hazards.
AI.XII.F.R3Configuring the airplane.
AI.XII.F.R4Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.XII.F.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XII.F.S1Promptly recognize an engine failure, maintain control, and use appropriate emergency procedures.
AI.XII.F.S2Establish VYSE; if obstructions are present, establish best single-engine angle of climb speed (VXSE) or VMC +5 knots, whichever is greater, until obstructions are cleared. Then transition to VYSE.
AI.XII.F.S3Reduce drag by retracting landing gear and flaps in accordance with the manufacturer's guidance.
AI.XII.F.S4Simulate feathering the propeller on the inoperative engine (evaluator should then establish zero thrust on the inoperative engine).
AI.XII.F.S5Use flight controls in the proper combination as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required to maintain best performance, and trim as required.
AI.XII.F.S6Monitor the operating engine and aircraft systems and make adjustments as necessary.
AI.XII.F.S7Recognize the airplane's performance capabilities. If a climb is not possible at VYSE, maintain VYSE and return to the departure airport for landing, or initiate an approach to the most suitable landing area available.
AI.XII.F.S8Simulate securing the inoperative engine.
AI.XII.F.S9Maintain heading ±10° and airspeed ±5 knots.
AI.XII.F.S10Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XII.F.S11Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XII.G.K1Factors affecting minimum controllable speed (VMC).
AI.XII.G.K2VMC (red line) and best single-engine rate of climb airspeed (VYSE) (blue line).
AI.XII.G.K3How to identify, verify, feather, and secure an inoperative engine.
AI.XII.G.K4Importance of drag reduction, including propeller feathering, gear and flap retraction, the manufacturer's recommended control input and its relation to zero sideslip.
AI.XII.G.K5Applicant responsibilities during simulated feathering.
AI.XII.G.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XII.G.R1Potential engine failure after in flight or during an approach.
AI.XII.G.R2Collision hazards.
AI.XII.G.R3Configuring the airplane.
AI.XII.G.R4Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.XII.G.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XII.G.R6Possible single-engine go-around.
AI.XII.G.S1Promptly recognize an engine failure and maintain positive aircraft control.
AI.XII.G.S2Set the engine controls, reduce drag, identify and verify the inoperative engine, and simulate feathering of the propeller on the inoperative engine (evaluator should then establish zero thrust on the inoperative engine).
AI.XII.G.S3Follow the manufacturer's recommended emergency procedures and complete the appropriate checklist.
AI.XII.G.S4Monitor the operating engine and aircraft systems and make adjustments as necessary.
AI.XII.G.S5Maintain the manufacturer's recommended approach airspeed ±5 knots in the landing configuration with a stabilized approach, until landing is assured.
AI.XII.G.S6Make smooth, timely, and correct control application before, during, and after touchdown.
AI.XII.G.S7Touch down on the first one-third of available runway/landing surface, with no drift, and the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center or landing path.
AI.XII.G.S8Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
AI.XII.G.S9Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XII.G.S10Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XIII.A.K1Factors affecting minimum controllable speed (VMC).
AI.XIII.A.K2VMC (red line) and best single-engine rate of climb airspeed (VYSE) (blue line).
AI.XIII.A.K3How to identify, verify, feather, and secure an inoperative engine.
AI.XIII.A.K4Importance of drag reduction, including propeller feathering, gear and flap retraction, the manufacturer's recommended control input and its relation to zero sideslip.
AI.XIII.A.K5Feathering, securing, unfeathering, and restarting.
AI.XIII.A.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XIII.A.R1Potential engine failure during flight.
AI.XIII.A.R2Collision hazards.
AI.XIII.A.R3Configuring the airplane.
AI.XIII.A.R4Low altitude maneuvering, including stall, spin, or controlled flight into terrain (CFIT).
AI.XIII.A.R5Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XIII.A.S1Recognize an engine failure, maintain control, use manufacturer's memory item procedures, and use appropriate emergency procedures.
AI.XIII.A.S2Set the engine controls, identify and verify the inoperative engine, and feather the appropriate propeller.
AI.XIII.A.S3Use flight controls in the proper combination as recommended by the manufacturer, or as required to maintain best performance, and trim as required.
AI.XIII.A.S4Attempt to determine and resolve the reason for the engine failure.
AI.XIII.A.S5Secure the inoperative engine and monitor the operating engine and make necessary adjustments.
AI.XIII.A.S6Restart the inoperative engine using manufacturer's restart procedures.
AI.XIII.A.S7Maintain altitude ±100 feet or minimum sink rate if applicable, airspeed ±10 knots, and selected headings ±10°.
AI.XIII.A.S8Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XIII.A.S9Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XIII.B.K1Purpose of the maneuver.
AI.XIII.B.K2Proper procedures for maneuver entry and safe recovery.
AI.XIII.B.K3Factors affecting VMC and how VMC differs from stall speed (VS).
AI.XIII.B.K4VMC (red line), VYSE (blue line), and safe single-engine speed (VSSE).
AI.XIII.B.K5Cause of loss of directional control at airspeeds below VMC.
AI.XIII.B.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XIII.B.R1Configuring the airplane.
AI.XIII.B.R2Maneuvering with one engine inoperative.
AI.XIII.B.R3Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XIII.B.S1Configure the airplane in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, in the absence of the manufacturer's recommendations, then at safe single-engine speed (VSSE/VYSE), as appropriate, and:
AI.XIII.B.S1aa. Landing gear retracted
AI.XIII.B.S1bb. Flaps set for takeoff
AI.XIII.B.S1cc. Cowl flaps set for takeoff
AI.XIII.B.S1dd. Trim set for takeoff
AI.XIII.B.S1ee. Propellers set for high revolutions per minute (rpm)
AI.XIII.B.S1ff. Power on critical engine reduced to idle and propeller windmilling
AI.XIII.B.S1gg. Power on operating engine set to takeoff or maximum available power
AI.XIII.B.S2Establish a single-engine climb attitude with the airspeed at approximately 10 knots above VSSE.
AI.XIII.B.S3Establish a bank angle not to exceed 5° toward the operating engine, as required for best performance and controllability.
AI.XIII.B.S4Increase the pitch attitude slowly to reduce the airspeed at approximately 1 knot per second while applying increased rudder pressure as needed to maintain directional control.
AI.XIII.B.S5Recognize and recover at the first indication of loss of directional control, stall warning, or buffet.
AI.XIII.B.S6Recover promptly by simultaneously reducing power sufficiently on the operating engine, decreasing the angle of attack as necessary to regain airspeed and directional control, and without adding power on the simulated failed engine.
AI.XIII.B.S7Recover within 20° of entry heading.
AI.XIII.B.S8Advance power smoothly on the operating engine and accelerate to VSSE/VYSE, as appropriate, ±5 knots during recovery.
AI.XIII.B.S9Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XIII.C.K1Purpose for and elements of demonstration of effects of various airspeeds and configurations during engine inoperative performance.
AI.XIII.C.K2Selection of appropriate altitude for the demonstration.
AI.XIII.C.K3Proper entry procedure to include pitch attitude, bank attitude, and airspeed.
AI.XIII.C.K4Effects on performance of airspeed changes at, above, and below VYSE.
AI.XIII.C.K5Effects on performance of various configurations including:
AI.XIII.C.K5aa. Landing gear extended
AI.XIII.C.K5bb. Wing flaps extended
AI.XIII.C.K5cc. Landing gear and wing flaps extended
AI.XIII.C.K5dd. Windmilling propeller on the inoperative engine
AI.XIII.C.K6Airspeed control throughout the demonstration.
AI.XIII.C.K7Smooth control technique and coordination throughout the demonstration.
AI.XIII.C.K8Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XIII.C.R1Altitude selection.
AI.XIII.C.R2Entry and recovery procedures.
AI.XIII.C.R3Loss of control or stall.
AI.XIII.C.R4Configuring the airplane.
AI.XIII.C.R5Collision hazards.
AI.XIII.C.R6Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
AI.XIII.C.S1Demonstrate, describe, and explain effects of various airspeeds and configurations during engine inoperative performance.
AI.XIII.C.S2Demonstrate smooth control inputs when transitioning between various airspeeds and configurations, which include:
AI.XIII.C.S2aa. Landing gear extended
AI.XIII.C.S2bb. Wing flaps extended
AI.XIII.C.S2cc. Landing gear and wing flaps extended
AI.XIII.C.S2dd. Windmilling propeller on the inoperative engine
AI.XIII.C.S3Maintain appropriate airspeed, attitude, and altitude combinations for the various configurations.
AI.XIII.C.S4Return to normal cruise flight at the altitude and heading specified by the evaluator.
AI.XIII.C.S5Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XIV.A.K1Airplane shutdown, securing, and postflight inspection.
AI.XIV.A.K2Documenting in-flight/postflight discrepancies.
AI.XIV.A.K3Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XIV.A.R1Activities and distractions.
AI.XIV.A.R2Airport specific security procedures.
AI.XIV.A.R3Disembarking passengers safely on the ramp and monitoring passenger movement while on the ramp.
AI.XIV.A.S1Park in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby persons and property.
AI.XIV.A.S2Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XIV.A.S3Conduct a postflight inspection and document discrepancies and servicing requirements, if any.
AI.XIV.A.S4Secure the airplane.
AI.XIV.A.S5Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.
AI.XIV.B.K1Mooring.
AI.XIV.B.K2Docking.
AI.XIV.B.K3Anchoring.
AI.XIV.B.K4Beaching/ramping.
AI.XIV.B.K5Postflight inspection, recording of in-flight/postflight discrepancies.
AI.XIV.B.K6Common errors related to this Task.
AI.XIV.B.R1Activities and distractions.
AI.XIV.B.R2Seaplane base specific security procedures, if applicable.
AI.XIV.B.R3Disembarking passengers safely on the ramp and monitoring passenger movement while on the ramp.
AI.XIV.B.S1If anchoring, select a suitable area considering seaplane movement, water depth, tide, wind, and weather changes. Use an adequate number of anchors and lines of sufficient strength and length to ensure the seaplane's security.
AI.XIV.B.S2If not anchoring, approach the dock/mooring buoy or beach/ramp in the proper direction and at a safe speed, considering water depth, tide, current, and wind.
AI.XIV.B.S3Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
AI.XIV.B.S4Conduct a postflight inspection and document discrepancies and servicing requirements, if any.
AI.XIV.B.S5Secure the seaplane considering the effect of wind, waves, and changes in water level, or comply with applicable after landing, parking, and securing procedures if operating an amphibious airplane on land.
AI.XIV.B.S6Analyze and correct common errors related to this Task.