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Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI) ACS Codes

All 145 Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI) and their official FAA knowledge-area descriptions. These are the codes printed on your Airman Knowledge Test Report for questions you missed. Upload your report to get just your codes as a printable sheet.

CodeFAA knowledge area
FI.I.A.K1Elements of human behavior, including:
FI.I.A.K1aa. Definitions of human behavior
FI.I.A.K1bb. Instructor and learner relationship
FI.I.A.K1cc. Motivation
FI.I.A.K1dd. Human needs
FI.I.A.K1ee. Defense mechanisms
FI.I.A.K2Learner emotional reactions, including:
FI.I.A.K2aa. Anxiety and stress
FI.I.A.K2bb. Impatience
FI.I.A.K2cc. Worry or lack of interest
FI.I.A.K2dd. Physical discomfort, illness, fatigue, and dehydration
FI.I.A.K2ee. Apathy due to inadequate instruction
FI.I.A.K3Teaching the adult learner.
FI.I.A.K4Effective communication, including:
FI.I.A.K4aa. Basic elements of communication
FI.I.A.K4bb. Barriers to effective communication
FI.I.A.K4cc. Developing communication skills
FI.I.A.R1Recognizing and accommodating human behavior.
FI.I.A.R2Barriers to communication.
FI.I.A.S1Give examples of how human behavior affects motivation and learning.
FI.I.A.S2Describe what the instructor can do to deal with:
FI.I.A.S2aa. Serious abnormal emotional behavior
FI.I.A.S2bb. Defense mechanisms
FI.I.A.S3Use effective communication in ground and flight instruction.
FI.I.B.K1Definitions of learning.
FI.I.B.K2Learning theory as it applies to ground and flight instruction, including:
FI.I.B.K2aa. Behaviorism
FI.I.B.K2bb. Cognitive Theory
FI.I.B.K3Perceptions and insight.
FI.I.B.K4Acquiring knowledge.
FI.I.B.K5Laws of learning.
FI.I.B.K6Domains of learning, including:
FI.I.B.K6aa. Cognitive
FI.I.B.K6bb. Affective
FI.I.B.K6cc. Psychomotor
FI.I.B.K7Characteristics of learning.
FI.I.B.K8Scenario-based training (SBT).
FI.I.B.K9Acquiring skill knowledge, including:
FI.I.B.K9aa. Stages
FI.I.B.K9bb. Knowledge of results
FI.I.B.K9cc. How to develop skills
FI.I.B.K9dd. Learning plateaus
FI.I.B.K10Types of practice.
FI.I.B.K11Evaluation versus critique.
FI.I.B.K12Distractions, interruptions, fixation, and inattention.
FI.I.B.K13Errors.
FI.I.B.K14Memory, including:
FI.I.B.K14aa. Sensory
FI.I.B.K14bb. Short-Term Memory (STM) and Long-Term Memory (LTM)
FI.I.B.K14cc. How usage affects memory
FI.I.B.K14dd. Forgetting
FI.I.B.K15Retention of learning.
FI.I.B.K16Transfer of learning.
FI.I.B.R1Inadequate or incomplete instruction.
FI.I.B.R2Lack of learner motivation.
FI.I.B.R3Recognizing and correcting learner errors.
FI.I.B.S1Apply educational theories to ground and flight instruction.
FI.I.B.S2Recognize and correct conditions that undermine the learning process.
FI.I.B.S3Plan for and use techniques, including realistic distractions that teach flight students how to manage a workload.
FI.I.C.K1Teaching, including:
FI.I.C.K1aa. Process
FI.I.C.K1bb. Essential skills
FI.I.C.K2Course of training.
FI.I.C.K3Preparation of a lesson, including:
FI.I.C.K3aa. Training objectives and completion standards
FI.I.C.K3bb. Performance-based objectives
FI.I.C.K3cc. Importance of Airman Certification Standards (ACS) in aviation training curricula
FI.I.C.K3dd. Decision-based objectives
FI.I.C.K4Organization of material.
FI.I.C.K5Training delivery methods, including:
FI.I.C.K5aa. Lecture
FI.I.C.K5bb. Discussion
FI.I.C.K5cc. Guided discussion
FI.I.C.K5dd. Cooperative or group learning
FI.I.C.K5ee. Demonstration-performance
FI.I.C.K5ff. Drill and practice
FI.I.C.K6Electronic learning (e-Learning).
FI.I.C.K7Instructional aids and training technologies, including:
FI.I.C.K7aa. Characteristics of effective instructional aids
FI.I.C.K7bb. Reasons for use
FI.I.C.K7cc. Guidelines for use
FI.I.C.K7dd. Types
FI.I.C.K8Integrated flight instruction.
FI.I.C.K9Problem-based instruction.
FI.I.C.K10Planning instructional activity, including:
FI.I.C.K10aa. Blocks of learning
FI.I.C.K10bb. Training syllabus
FI.I.C.K10cc. Lesson plans
FI.I.C.R1Selection of teaching method.
FI.I.C.S1Prepare an instructional lesson plan using teaching methods and materials appropriate for Task and learner characteristics, including:
FI.I.C.S1aa. Aeronautical knowledge ground lesson applicable for a classroom
FI.I.C.S1bb. Maneuver introduction and ground lesson
FI.I.D.K1Purpose and characteristics of effective assessment.
FI.I.D.K2Traditional assessments.
FI.I.D.K3Authentic assessments, including:
FI.I.D.K3aa. Learner-centered assessment
FI.I.D.K3bb. Maneuver or procedure grades
FI.I.D.K3cc. Assessing risk management skills
FI.I.D.K4Choosing an effective assessment method.
FI.I.D.K5Purposes and types of critiques.
FI.I.D.K6Oral assessment, including:
FI.I.D.K6aa. Characteristics of effective questions
FI.I.D.K6bb. Types of questions to avoid
FI.I.D.K6cc. Answering learner questions
FI.I.D.K7Assessment of piloting ability.
FI.I.D.R1Delivering an assessment.
FI.I.D.S1Use appropriate methods and techniques to assess learner performance in ground or flight training.
FI.I.E.K1Aviation instructor responsibilities, including:
FI.I.E.K1aa. Helping learners
FI.I.E.K1bb. Providing adequate instruction
FI.I.E.K1cc. Training to established standards of performance
FI.I.E.K1dd. Emphasizing the positive
FI.I.E.K1ee. Minimizing learner frustrations
FI.I.E.K2Flight instructor responsibilities, including supervision and surveillance during training.
FI.I.E.K3Flight instructor qualifications and professionalism.
FI.I.E.K4Professional development.
FI.I.E.K5Instructor ethics and conduct.
FI.I.E.R1Fulfilling instructor responsibilities.
FI.I.E.R2Exhibiting professionalism.
FI.I.E.S1Deliver ground or flight instruction on an evaluator-assigned Task in a manner consistent with instructor responsibilities and professional characteristics as stated in K1 through K5.
FI.I.F.K1Teaching risk identification, assessment, and mitigation.
FI.I.F.K2Teaching risk management tools, including:
FI.I.F.K2aa. Pilot/Aircraft/enVironment/External Pressures (PAVE) checklist
FI.I.F.K2bb. Flight Risk Assessment Tools (FRATs)
FI.I.F.K3When and how to introduce risk management.
FI.I.F.K4Risk management teaching techniques by phase of instruction.
FI.I.F.K5Managing risk during flight instruction, including:
FI.I.F.K5aa. Common flight instruction risks
FI.I.F.K5bb. Best practices
FI.I.F.K5cc. Special considerations while teaching takeoffs and landings
FI.I.F.K6Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) to include using Crew Resource Management (CRM) or Single- Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate.
FI.I.F.R1Hazards associated with providing flight instruction.
FI.I.F.R2Obstacles to maintaining situational awareness during flight instruction.
FI.I.F.R3Recognizing and managing hazards arising from human behavior, including hazardous attitudes.
FI.I.F.S1Use scenario-based training (SBT) to demonstrate, teach, and assess risk management and Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) skills in the context of a Task specified by the evaluator.
FI.I.F.S2Identify, assess, and mitigate risks commonly associated with flight instruction by maintaining:
FI.I.F.S2aa. Awareness and oversight of the learner's actions, with timely and appropriate supervision, intervention, or mitigation as needed
FI.I.F.S2bb. Awareness of the learner's cognitive/physiological state, with timely action to mitigate anxiety, fatigue, or other obstruction to learning
FI.I.F.S2cc. Overall situational awareness of the aircraft's dynamic state, its position in space, and vigilance for unexpected events or changing circumstances that occur in the environment
FI.I.F.S3Model and teach safety practices, including maintaining:
FI.I.F.S3aa. Collision avoidance while simultaneously providing instruction
FI.I.F.S3bb. Avoidance of unnecessary distractions
FI.I.F.S3cc. Coordinated flight
FI.I.F.S3dd. Awareness of who is manipulating controls through positive exchange of flight controls
FI.I.F.S3ee. Continuous awareness of the aircraft's dynamic state and position in the NAS