Private Pilot - Helicopter ACS Codes

All 925 Private Pilot - Helicopter and their official FAA knowledge-area descriptions. These are the codes printed on your Airman Knowledge Test Report for questions you missed. Upload your report to get just your codes as a printable sheet.

Code	FAA knowledge area
PH.I.A.K1	Certification requirements, recent flight experience, and recordkeeping.
PH.I.A.K2	Privileges and limitations.
PH.I.A.K3	Medical certificates: class, expiration, privileges, temporary disqualifications.
PH.I.A.K4	Documents required to exercise private pilot privileges.
PH.I.A.K5	Part 68 BasicMed privileges and limitations.
PH.I.A.R1	Proficiency versus currency.
PH.I.A.R2	Flying an unfamiliar helicopter or operating with unfamiliar flight display systems and avionics.
PH.I.A.S1	Apply requirements to act as pilot-in-command (PIC) under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) in a scenario given by the evaluator.
PH.I.B.K1	General airworthiness requirements and compliance for a helicopter, including:
PH.I.B.K1a	a. Location and expiration dates of required aircraft certificates
PH.I.B.K1b	b. Required inspections and aircraft logbook documentation
PH.I.B.K1c	c. Airworthiness Directives and Special Airworthiness Information Bulletins
PH.I.B.K1d	d. Purpose and procedure for obtaining a special flight permit
PH.I.B.K1e	e. Owner/Operator and pilot-in-command responsibilities
PH.I.B.K2	Pilot-performed preventive maintenance.
PH.I.B.K3	Equipment requirements for day and night VFR flight, including:
PH.I.B.K3a	a. Flying with inoperative equipment
PH.I.B.K3b	b. Using an approved Minimum Equipment List (MEL)
PH.I.B.K3c	c. Kinds of Operation Equipment List (KOEL)
PH.I.B.K3d	d. Required discrepancy records or placards
PH.I.B.K4	Special airworthiness certificate aircraft operating limitations, if applicable.
PH.I.B.R1	Inoperative equipment discovered prior to flight.
PH.I.B.S1	Locate and describe helicopter airworthiness and registration information.
PH.I.B.S2	Determine the helicopter is airworthy in the scenario given by the evaluator.
PH.I.B.S3	Apply appropriate procedures for operating with inoperative equipment in the scenario given by the evaluator.
PH.I.C.K1	Sources of weather data (e.g., National Weather Service, Flight Service) for flight planning purposes.
PH.I.C.K2	Acceptable weather products and resources required for preflight planning, current and forecast weather for departure, en route, and arrival phases of flight such as:
PH.I.C.K2a	a. Airport Observations (METAR and SPECI) and Pilot Observations (PIREP)
PH.I.C.K2b	b. Surface Analysis Chart, Ceiling and Visibility Chart (CVA)
PH.I.C.K2c	c. Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)
PH.I.C.K2d	d. Graphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA)
PH.I.C.K2e	e. Wind and Temperature Aloft Forecast (FB)
PH.I.C.K2f	f. Convective Outlook (AC)
PH.I.C.K2g	g. Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories including Airmen's Meteorological Information (AIRMET), Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET), and Convective SIGMET
PH.I.C.K3	Meteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination under visual flight rules (VFR) in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC), including expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:
PH.I.C.K3a	a. Atmospheric composition and stability
PH.I.C.K3b	b. Wind (e.g., windshear, mountain wave, factors affecting wind, etc.)
PH.I.C.K3c	c. Temperature and heat exchange
PH.I.C.K3d	d. Moisture/precipitation
PH.I.C.K3e	e. Weather system formation, including air masses and fronts
PH.I.C.K3f	f. Clouds
PH.I.C.K3g	g. Turbulence
PH.I.C.K3h	h. Thunderstorms and microbursts
PH.I.C.K3i	i. Icing and freezing level information
PH.I.C.K3j	j. Fog/mist
PH.I.C.K3k	k. Frost
PH.I.C.K3l	l. Obstructions to visibility (e.g., smoke, haze, volcanic ash, etc.)
PH.I.C.K4	Flight deck instrument displays of digital weather and aeronautical information.
PH.I.C.R1	Making the go/no-go and continue/divert decisions, including:
PH.I.C.R1a	a. Circumstances that would make diversion prudent
PH.I.C.R1b	b. Personal weather minimums
PH.I.C.R1c	c. Hazardous weather conditions, including known or forecast icing or turbulence aloft
PH.I.C.R2	Use and limitations of:
PH.I.C.R2a	a. Installed onboard weather equipment
PH.I.C.R2b	b. Aviation weather reports and forecasts
PH.I.C.R2c	c. Inflight weather resources
PH.I.C.S1	Use available aviation weather resources to obtain an adequate weather briefing.
PH.I.C.S2	Analyze the implications of at least three of the conditions listed in K3a through K3l, using actual weather or weather conditions provided by the evaluator.
PH.I.C.S3	Correlate weather information to make a go/no-go decision.
PH.I.D.K1	Route planning, including consideration of different classes and special use airspace (SUA) and selection of appropriate and available navigation/communication systems and facilities.
PH.I.D.K1a	a. Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used
PH.I.D.K2	Altitude selection accounting for terrain and obstacles, autorotation requirements of the helicopter, VFR cruising altitudes, and the effect of wind.
PH.I.D.K3	Calculating:
PH.I.D.K3a	a. Time, climb and descent rates, course, distance, heading, true airspeed, and groundspeed
PH.I.D.K3b	b. Estimated time of arrival, including conversion to universal coordinated time (UTC)
PH.I.D.K3c	c. Fuel requirements, including reserve
PH.I.D.K4	Elements of a VFR flight plan.
PH.I.D.K5	Procedures for filing, activating, and closing a VFR flight plan.
PH.I.D.K6	Inflight intercept procedures.
PH.I.D.R1	Pilot.
PH.I.D.R2	Aircraft.
PH.I.D.R3	Environment (e.g., weather, airports, airspace, terrain, obstacles, including wire strike hazards).
PH.I.D.R4	External pressures.
PH.I.D.R5	Limitations of air traffic control (ATC) services.
PH.I.D.R6	Fuel planning.
PH.I.D.R7	Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
PH.I.D.S1	Prepare, present, and explain a cross-country flight plan assigned by the evaluator, including a risk analysis based on real-time weather, to the first fuel stop.
PH.I.D.S2	Apply pertinent information from appropriate and current aeronautical charts, Chart Supplements; Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs) relative to airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, runway and taxiway closures; and other flight publications.
PH.I.D.S3	Create a navigation plan and simulate filing a VFR flight plan.
PH.I.D.S4	Recalculate fuel reserves based on a scenario provided by the evaluator.
PH.I.D.S5	Use an electronic flight bag (EFB), if applicable.
PH.I.E.K1	Airspace classes and associated requirements and limitations.
PH.I.E.K2	Chart symbols.
PH.I.E.K3	Special use airspace (SUA), special flight rules areas (SFRA), temporary flight restrictions (TFR), and other airspace areas.
PH.I.E.K4	Special visual flight rules (VFR) requirements.
PH.I.E.R1	Various classes and types of airspace.
PH.I.E.S1	Identify and comply with the requirements for basic VFR weather minimums and flying in particular classes of airspace.
PH.I.E.S2	Correctly identify airspace and operate in accordance with associated communication and equipment requirements.
PH.I.E.S3	Identify the requirements for operating in SUA or within a TFR. Identify and comply with special air traffic rules (SATR) and SFRA operations, if applicable.
PH.I.F.K1	Elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to determine performance.
PH.I.F.K2	Factors affecting performance, including:
PH.I.F.K2a	a. Atmospheric conditions
PH.I.F.K2b	b. Pilot technique
PH.I.F.K2c	c. Helicopter configuration
PH.I.F.K2d	d. Airport, heliport, helipad, or unprepared surface environment
PH.I.F.K3	Loading and weight and balance.
PH.I.F.K4	Aerodynamics.
PH.I.F.K5	Height/Velocity (H/V) diagram according to the Rotorcraft Flight Manual (RFM).
PH.I.F.R1	Use of performance charts, tables, and data.
PH.I.F.R2	Helicopter limitations.
PH.I.F.R3	Possible differences between calculated performance and actual performance.
PH.I.F.R4	Exceeding weight limits.
PH.I.F.R5	Operating outside of CG limits.
PH.I.F.R6	Shifting, adding, and removing weight.
PH.I.F.R7	Retreating blade stall.
PH.I.F.R8	Situations that lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness (LTE).
PH.I.F.S1	Compute the weight and balance, correct out-of-center of gravity loading errors and determine if the weight and balance remains within limits during all phases of flight.
PH.I.F.S2	Use appropriate helicopter performance charts, tables, and data.
PH.I.G.K1	Helicopter systems, including:
PH.I.G.K1a	a. Flight controls, trim, and if installed, stability control
PH.I.G.K1b	b. Powerplant(s)
PH.I.G.K1c	c. Main rotor and antitorque systems
PH.I.G.K1d	d. Transmission and associated drive shafts
PH.I.G.K1e	e. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic
PH.I.G.K1f	f. Avionics
PH.I.G.K1g	g. Landing gear, brakes, steering, skids, or floats, as applicable
PH.I.G.K1h	h. Electrical
PH.I.G.K1i	i. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments
PH.I.G.K1j	j. Environmental
PH.I.G.K1k	k. Anti-icing and deicing, including carburetor heat, if applicable
PH.I.G.K2	Indications of and procedures for managing system abnormalities or failures.
PH.I.G.R1	Detection of system malfunctions or failures.
PH.I.G.R2	Management of a system failure.
PH.I.G.R3	Monitoring and management of automated systems.
PH.I.G.S1	Operate at least three of the helicopter's systems listed in K1a through K1k.
PH.I.G.S2	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.I.H.K1	Symptoms, recognition, causes, effects, and corrective actions associated with aeromedical and physiological issues, including:
PH.I.H.K1a	a. Hypoxia
PH.I.H.K1b	b. Hyperventilation
PH.I.H.K1c	c. Middle ear and sinus problems
PH.I.H.K1d	d. Spatial disorientation
PH.I.H.K1e	e. Motion sickness
PH.I.H.K1f	f. Carbon monoxide poisoning
PH.I.H.K1g	g. Stress
PH.I.H.K1h	h. Fatigue
PH.I.H.K1i	i. Dehydration and nutrition
PH.I.H.K1j	j. Hypothermia
PH.I.H.K1k	k. Optical illusions
PH.I.H.K1l	l. Dissolved nitrogen in the bloodstream after scuba dives
PH.I.H.K2	Regulations regarding use of alcohol and drugs.
PH.I.H.K3	Effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter medications.
PH.I.H.K4	Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) to include using Crew Resource Management (CRM) or Single- Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate.
PH.I.H.R1	Aeromedical and physiological issues.
PH.I.H.R2	Hazardous attitudes.
PH.I.H.R3	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.I.H.R4	Confirmation and expectation bias.
PH.I.H.S1	Associate the symptoms and effects for at least three of the conditions listed in K1a through K1l with the cause(s) and corrective action(s).
PH.I.H.S2	Perform self-assessment, including fitness for flight and personal minimums, for actual flight or a scenario given by the evaluator.
PH.II.A.K1	Pilot self-assessment.
PH.II.A.K2	Determining that the helicopter to be used is in an airworthy condition.
PH.II.A.K3	Helicopter preflight inspection, including:
PH.II.A.K3a	a. Which items should be inspected
PH.II.A.K3b	b. The reasons for checking each item
PH.II.A.K3c	c. How to detect possible defects
PH.II.A.K3d	d. The associated regulations
PH.II.A.K4	Environmental factors, including weather, terrain, route selection, and obstructions.
PH.II.A.R1	Pilot.
PH.II.A.R2	Aircraft.
PH.II.A.R3	Environment (e.g., weather, icing, airports/heliports/helipads/landing areas, airspace, terrain, obstacles).
PH.II.A.R4	External pressures.
PH.II.A.R5	Aviation security concerns.
PH.II.A.S1	Inspect the helicopter with reference to an appropriate checklist.
PH.II.A.S2	Verify the helicopter is in condition for safe flight and conforms to its type design.
PH.II.A.S3	Perform self-assessment.
PH.II.A.S4	Continue to assess the environment for safe flight.
PH.II.B.K1	Passenger briefing requirements, including operation and required use of safety restraint systems.
PH.II.B.K2	Use of appropriate checklists.
PH.II.B.K3	Requirements for current and appropriate navigation data.
PH.II.B.K4	Securing items and cargo.
PH.II.B.R1	Use of systems or equipment, including automation and portable electronic devices.
PH.II.B.R2	Inoperative equipment.
PH.II.B.R3	Passenger distractions.
PH.II.B.S1	Secure all items in the aircraft.
PH.II.B.S2	Conduct an appropriate passenger briefing, including identifying the pilot-in-command (PIC), use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, doors, passenger conduct, rotor blade avoidance, and emergency procedures.
PH.II.B.S3	Properly program and manage helicopter automation, as applicable.
PH.II.B.S4	Appropriately manage risks by utilizing ADM, including SRM/CRM.
PH.II.C.K1	Starting under various conditions.
PH.II.C.K2	Starting procedures, including the use of external power if applicable.
PH.II.C.K3	Limitations associated with starting.
PH.II.C.K4	Conditions leading to and procedures for an aborted start.
PH.II.C.R1	Rotor engagement, if applicable.
PH.II.C.R2	Use of external power unit.
PH.II.C.R3	Limitations during starting.
PH.II.C.S1	Position the helicopter properly considering structures, surface conditions, other aircraft, wind, and the safety of nearby persons and property.
PH.II.C.S2	Use flight control frictions, if required.
PH.II.C.S3	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.II.C.S4	Engage and manage the rotor system, as appropriate.
PH.II.D.K1	Purpose of before takeoff checklist items, including:
PH.II.D.K1a	a. Reasons for checking each item
PH.II.D.K1b	b. Detecting malfunctions
PH.II.D.K1c	c. Configuring the helicopter as recommended by the manufacturer
PH.II.D.R1	Division of attention while conducting before takeoff checks.
PH.II.D.R2	Unexpected or unclear clearances from ATC.
PH.II.D.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.II.D.S2	Review takeoff performance and emergency procedures.
PH.II.D.S3	Verify that the powerplant temperature(s) and pressure(s) are suitable for takeoff.
PH.II.D.S4	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.II.D.S5	Divide attention inside and outside the helicopter.
PH.III.A.K1	Airport runway, heliport, helipad, taxiway signs, markings, and lighting.
PH.III.A.K2	Airport movement area.
PH.III.A.R1	Interpretation of signs, markings, or lighting.
PH.III.A.R2	Landing site dimensions and limitations.
PH.III.A.R3	Conflict with aircraft, vehicles, and persons.
PH.III.A.R4	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.III.A.R5	Runway incursion.
PH.III.A.S1	Comply with airport/heliport/helipad signs, markings, and lighting encountered, as applicable to the helicopter provided for the practical test.
PH.III.B.K1	How to obtain appropriate radio frequencies.
PH.III.B.K2	Proper radio communication procedures and air traffic control (ATC) phraseology.
PH.III.B.K3	ATC light signal recognition.
PH.III.B.K4	Appropriate use of transponder(s).
PH.III.B.K5	Lost communication procedures.
PH.III.B.K6	Equipment issues that could cause loss of communication.
PH.III.B.K7	Radar assistance.
PH.III.B.K8	National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) accident/incident reporting.
PH.III.B.K9	Runway Status Lighting Systems.
PH.III.B.R1	Communication.
PH.III.B.R2	Deciding if and when to declare an emergency.
PH.III.B.R3	Use of non-standard phraseology.
PH.III.B.S1	Select and activate appropriate frequencies.
PH.III.B.S2	Transmit using standard phraseology and procedures as specified in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) and Pilot/Controller Glossary.
PH.III.B.S3	Acknowledge radio communications and comply with ATC instructions or as directed by the evaluator.
PH.III.C.K1	Towered and nontowered airport/heliport/helipad/landing area operations and restrictions.
PH.III.C.K2	Traffic pattern for the current conditions.
PH.III.C.K3	Right-of-way rules.
PH.III.C.K4	Use of automated weather and airport/heliport information.
PH.III.C.R1	Collision hazards.
PH.III.C.R2	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.III.C.R3	Windshear and wake turbulence.
PH.III.C.S1	Identify and interpret airport/heliport/helipad/landing area runways, taxiways, markings, signs, and lighting.
PH.III.C.S2	Comply with recommended helicopter traffic pattern procedures, as appropriate.
PH.III.C.S3	Correct for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track.
PH.III.C.S4	Maintain orientation with the runway/landing area in use, as applicable.
PH.III.C.S5	Maintain traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet, and the appropriate airspeed, ±10 knots.
PH.III.C.S6	Maintain situational awareness and proper spacing from other traffic or avoid the flow of fixed-wing traffic, as appropriate.
PH.IV.A.K1	Elements related to a vertical takeoff to a hover and landing from a hover.
PH.IV.A.K2	Effect of wind on flight control inputs.
PH.IV.A.K3	Effect of weight and balance and various centers of gravity.
PH.IV.A.K4	Ground effect.
PH.IV.A.R1	Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).
PH.IV.A.R2	Dynamic rollover.
PH.IV.A.R3	Ground resonance.
PH.IV.A.R4	Powerplant failure during hover.
PH.IV.A.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.IV.A.S2	Comply with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions and make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.IV.A.S3	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.IV.A.S4	Ascend to and maintain recommended hovering altitude, and descend from recommended hovering altitude in headwind, crosswind, and tailwind conditions, without drift.
PH.IV.A.S5	Maintain recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude within 10 feet of the surface, if above 10 feet, ±5 feet.
PH.IV.A.S6	Maintain position within 4 feet of a designated point with no aft movement.
PH.IV.A.S7	Descend vertically to within 4 feet of the designated touchdown point.
PH.IV.A.S8	Maintain specified heading, ± 10°.
PH.IV.B.K1	Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
PH.IV.B.K2	Hover taxi instructions, clearances, and limitations.
PH.IV.B.K3	Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.
PH.IV.B.K4	Visual indicators for wind.
PH.IV.B.K5	Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.
PH.IV.B.K6	Procedures for:
PH.IV.B.K6a	a. Pilot activities during taxiing
PH.IV.B.K6b	b. Safe hover taxi at towered and non-towered airports/heliports/helipads/landing areas
PH.IV.B.K6c	c. Entering or crossing runways
PH.IV.B.K7	Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.
PH.IV.B.K8	Aircraft operating limitations.
PH.IV.B.R1	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.IV.B.R2	Reduced visibility or night taxi operations.
PH.IV.B.R3	Runway incursion.
PH.IV.B.R4	Other aircraft, vehicles, persons, and hazards.
PH.IV.B.R5	Hazardous effects of downwash.
PH.IV.B.R6	Main rotor, tail rotor, and tail strike hazards.
PH.IV.B.R7	Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.
PH.IV.B.R8	Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
PH.IV.B.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.IV.B.S2	Receive and correctly read back clearances/instructions, if applicable.
PH.IV.B.S3	Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published, and maintain situational awareness.
PH.IV.B.S4	Comply with airport/heliport taxiway markings, signals, and signs.
PH.IV.B.S5	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.IV.B.S6	Maintain a straight ground track within ±4 feet of a designated ground track.
PH.IV.B.S7	Maintain recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude within 10 feet of the surface, if above 10 feet, ±5 feet.
PH.IV.B.S8	Hover taxi over specified ground references, demonstrating forward, sideward, and rearward hovering and hovering turns.
PH.IV.B.S9	Maintain a constant rate of turn at pivot points.
PH.IV.B.S10	Maintain a position within 4 feet of each pivot point during turns.
PH.IV.B.S11	Make a 360° pivoting turn, left and right, stopping within 10° of a specified heading.
PH.IV.B.S12	Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during the maneuver.
PH.IV.C.K1	Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
PH.IV.C.K2	Air taxi instructions, clearances, and limitations.
PH.IV.C.K3	Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.
PH.IV.C.K4	Visual indicators for wind.
PH.IV.C.K5	Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.
PH.IV.C.K6	Procedures for:
PH.IV.C.K6a	a. Pilot activities during taxiing
PH.IV.C.K6b	b. Safe air taxi at towered and nontowered airports
PH.IV.C.K6c	c. Overflying of runways
PH.IV.C.K7	Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations.
PH.IV.C.R1	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.IV.C.R2	Reduced visibility or night taxi operations.
PH.IV.C.R3	Runway incursion.
PH.IV.C.R4	Main rotor, tail rotor, and tail strike hazards.
PH.IV.C.R5	H/V diagram performance in case of powerplant failure.
PH.IV.C.R6	Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
PH.IV.C.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.IV.C.S2	Use an airport diagram or taxi chart during taxi, if published, and maintain situational awareness.
PH.IV.C.S3	Select a safe airspeed and altitude.
PH.IV.C.S4	Maintain desired track and groundspeed in headwind and crosswind conditions, avoiding conditions that might lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness.
PH.IV.C.S5	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.IV.C.S6	Comply with airport/heliport/helipad/landing area markings, lights, signs, and ATC instructions.
PH.IV.C.S7	Maintain specified altitude, ±10 feet.
PH.IV.D.K1	Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Chart Supplement, airport diagram, and Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMs).
PH.IV.D.K2	Taxi instructions/clearances.
PH.IV.D.K3	Airport/heliport/helipad/landing area, signs, markings, and lighting.
PH.IV.D.K4	Visual indicators for wind.
PH.IV.D.K5	Aircraft lighting, as appropriate.
PH.IV.D.K6	Procedures for:
PH.IV.D.K6a	a. Appropriate flight deck activities prior to taxi, including route planning and identifying the location of Hot Spots
PH.IV.D.K6b	b. Safe taxi at towered and nontowered airports
PH.IV.D.K6c	c. Entering or crossing runways
PH.IV.D.R1	Activities and distractions.
PH.IV.D.R2	Confirmation or expectation bias as related to taxi instructions.
PH.IV.D.R3	Runway incursion.
PH.IV.D.R4	Speed during taxi and turns.
PH.IV.D.R5	Appropriate thrust vector and brake use.
PH.IV.D.R6	Airframe and rotor clearances during taxi.
PH.IV.D.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.IV.D.S2	Use an appropriate airport/heliport diagram or taxi chart, if published.
PH.IV.D.S3	Properly position nosewheel/tailwheel, if applicable, locked or unlocked.
PH.IV.D.S4	Position the flight controls properly for the existing wind conditions, with the landing gear in contact with the surface, avoiding conditions that might lead to loss of directional control.
PH.IV.D.S5	Properly use cyclic, collective, and brakes as applicable to control speed while taxiing.
PH.IV.D.S6	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.IV.D.S7	Maintain specified track within 4 feet.
PH.IV.D.S8	Position the helicopter relative to hold lines or a specified point.
PH.IV.D.S9	Receive and comply with ATC clearances/instructions, if applicable.
PH.IV.D.S10	Comply with airport/heliport taxiway markings, lights, and signals.
PH.IV.E.K1	Elements related to slope operations.
PH.IV.E.K2	Factors used for selecting an appropriate slope.
PH.IV.E.K3	Effect of wind on slope operations.
PH.IV.E.K4	Dynamic rollover considerations during slope operations and preventive/recovery techniques.
PH.IV.E.K5	Helicopter slope limitations.
PH.IV.E.R1	Operations on a slope.
PH.IV.E.R2	Conditions leading to loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness.
PH.IV.E.R3	Embarking or disembarking passengers and rotor blade hazards.
PH.IV.E.R4	Conditions leading to dynamic rollover.
PH.IV.E.R5	Surface conditions.
PH.IV.E.R6	Collision hazards.
PH.IV.E.R7	Exceeding the manufacturer's slope limitations.
PH.IV.E.S1	Select a suitable slope.
PH.IV.E.S2	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.IV.E.S3	Properly approach the slope considering wind effect and obstacles.
PH.IV.E.S4	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.IV.E.S5	Maintain heading and ground position and prevent movement of aircraft on slope.
PH.IV.E.S6	Make a smooth positive descent to touch the upslope skid or wheel(s) on the sloping surface.
PH.IV.E.S7	Recognize if slope is too steep and abandon the operation prior to reaching cyclic control stops.
PH.IV.E.S8	Maintain positive control while lowering the downslope skid or wheel to touchdown.
PH.IV.E.S9	Neutralize controls after landing.
PH.IV.E.S10	Make a smooth transition from the slope to a stabilized hover parallel to the slope.
PH.IV.E.S11	Properly move away from the slope.
PH.IV.E.S12	Maintain a specified heading throughout the operation, ±10°.
PH.V.A.K1	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on takeoff and climb performance.
PH.V.A.K2	Factors affecting the profile of the height/velocity (H/V) diagram.
PH.V.A.R1	Selection of takeoff path based on helicopter performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
PH.V.A.R2	Effects of:
PH.V.A.R2a	a. Crosswind
PH.V.A.R2b	b. Windshear
PH.V.A.R2c	c. Tailwind
PH.V.A.R2d	d. Turbulence, including wake turbulence
PH.V.A.R2e	e. Runway/departure point surface/condition
PH.V.A.R3	Abnormal operations, including planning for:
PH.V.A.R3a	a. Rejected takeoff
PH.V.A.R3b	b. Powerplant failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
PH.V.A.R4	Collision hazards.
PH.V.A.R5	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.A.R6	Runway incursion.
PH.V.A.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.A.S2	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.A.S3	Verify assigned/correct runway, if at an airport.
PH.V.A.S4	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
PH.V.A.S5	Clear the area, taxi into the takeoff position, and align the helicopter on the runway centerline or with takeoff path.
PH.V.A.S6	Establish a stationary position on the surface or a stabilized hover prior to takeoff in headwind and crosswind conditions.
PH.V.A.S7	Confirm takeoff power and instrument indications prior to forward movement.
PH.V.A.S8	After clearing all obstacles, transition to normal climb attitude, airspeed, ±10 knots, and power setting.
PH.V.A.S9	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.V.A.S10	Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, as needed.
PH.V.A.S11	Comply with noise abatement procedures, as applicable.
PH.V.A.S12	Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
PH.V.B.K1	Effects of wind, weight, altitude, and temperature on performance.
PH.V.B.K2	Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.
PH.V.B.K3	Landing surface, obstructions, and selection of a suitable touchdown point.
PH.V.B.K4	Factors affecting the profile of the height/velocity (H/V) diagram.
PH.V.B.R1	Selection of approach path and landing based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.
PH.V.B.R2	Effects of:
PH.V.B.R2a	a. Crosswind
PH.V.B.R2b	b. Windshear
PH.V.B.R2c	c. Tailwind
PH.V.B.R2d	d. Turbulence, including wake turbulence
PH.V.B.R2e	e. Vortex ring state (VRS)
PH.V.B.R2f	f. Touchdown surface and condition
PH.V.B.R3	Go-around/rejected landing.
PH.V.B.R4	Collision hazards.
PH.V.B.R5	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.B.R6	Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).
PH.V.B.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.B.S2	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.B.S3	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
PH.V.B.S4	Align the helicopter with the correct/assigned runway or touchdown point.
PH.V.B.S5	Scan the landing area/touchdown point and adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.
PH.V.B.S6	Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
PH.V.B.S7	Establish and maintain a normal approach angle and rate of closure.
PH.V.B.S8	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.V.B.S9	Arrive at the termination point, on the surface or at a stabilized hover, ±4 feet.
PH.V.B.S10	Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
PH.V.C.K1	Situations where this maneuver is appropriate.
PH.V.C.K2	Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind and temperature, on takeoff and climb performance.
PH.V.C.K3	Factors affecting the profile of the height/velocity (H/V) diagram.
PH.V.C.R1	Selection of takeoff path based on helicopter performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
PH.V.C.R2	Effects of:
PH.V.C.R2a	a. Crosswind
PH.V.C.R2b	b. Windshear
PH.V.C.R2c	c. Tailwind
PH.V.C.R2d	d. Turbulence, including wake turbulence
PH.V.C.R2e	e. Surface conditions
PH.V.C.R3	Abnormal operations including:
PH.V.C.R3a	a. Rejected takeoff
PH.V.C.R3b	b. Powerplant failure in takeoff/climb phase of flight
PH.V.C.R4	Collision hazards.
PH.V.C.R5	Low rotor rpm.
PH.V.C.R6	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.C.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.C.S2	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.C.S3	Use control inputs to initiate lift-off from the takeoff position using a forward climb attitude to fly the departure profile.
PH.V.C.S4	Maintain powerplant and rotor rpm within normal limits.
PH.V.C.S5	Use required takeoff power, or power as specified by the evaluator.
PH.V.C.S6	After clearing all obstacles, transition to normal climb attitude, airspeed, ±5 knots, and power setting.
PH.V.C.S7	Maintain directional control, ground track, and proper wind-drift correction throughout the maneuver.
PH.V.D.K1	A stabilized steep approach.
PH.V.D.K2	Approach techniques and applicability.
PH.V.D.K3	Performance data and the height velocity (H/V) diagram.
PH.V.D.K4	Effects of atmospheric conditions on approach and landing performance.
PH.V.D.K5	Wind correction techniques.
PH.V.D.K6	Aircraft performance and limitations.
PH.V.D.R1	Selection of approach path and landing based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.
PH.V.D.R2	Effects of:
PH.V.D.R2a	a. Wind Direction
PH.V.D.R2b	b. Windshear
PH.V.D.R2c	c. Turbulence, including wake turbulence
PH.V.D.R3	Planning for.
PH.V.D.R3a	a. Rejected landing and go-around
PH.V.D.R3b	b. Powerplant failure during the approach
PH.V.D.R4	Collision hazards.
PH.V.D.R5	Vortex ring state (VRS).
PH.V.D.R6	Landing surface.
PH.V.D.R7	Aircraft limitations.
PH.V.D.R8	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.D.R9	Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).
PH.V.D.R10	Degraded Visual Environment (DVE) and flat light conditions.
PH.V.D.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.D.S2	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.D.S3	Consider the wind direction and conditions, landing surface, and obstacles.
PH.V.D.S4	Select a suitable termination point.
PH.V.D.S5	Establish and maintain a steep approach angle, (15° maximum) and proper rate of closure.
PH.V.D.S6	Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
PH.V.D.S7	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.V.D.S8	Arrive at the termination point, on the surface or at a stabilized hover, ±4 feet.
PH.V.D.S9	Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
PH.V.E.K1	Situations and considerations on approach that could require a go-around.
PH.V.E.K2	Effects of atmospheric conditions on a go-around.
PH.V.E.K3	Go-around procedures and the importance of a timely decision.
PH.V.E.R1	Recognition of the need for a go-around.
PH.V.E.R2	Application of power and flight control inputs.
PH.V.E.R3	Collision hazards.
PH.V.E.R4	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.E.R5	Runway incursion.
PH.V.E.S1	Make a timely decision to discontinue the approach or at the direction of the evaluator.
PH.V.E.S2	Maintain powerplant and rotor rpm within normal limits while applying proper control input to stop descent and initiate climb.
PH.V.E.S3	Transition to a positive rate of climb and appropriate airspeed of ±10 knots.
PH.V.E.S4	Maintain directional control, ground track, and proper wind-drift correction throughout the maneuver.
PH.V.E.S5	Notify/coordinate with air traffic control (ATC) or evaluator instructions as required.
PH.V.E.S6	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.E.S7	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PH.V.E.S8	Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
PH.V.F.K1	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.V.F.K2	Situations when a confined area approach and landing is recommended and factors related to landing performance including H/V diagram information.
PH.V.F.K3	High and low reconnaissance, including takeoff and departure planning.
PH.V.F.K4	Power requirements versus power available for the departure or arrival profile(s).
PH.V.F.R1	Selection of approach path, termination point and departure path based on aircraft performance and limitations, wind, and availability of alternate sites.
PH.V.F.R2	Effects of:
PH.V.F.R2a	a. Wind Direction
PH.V.F.R2b	b. Windshear
PH.V.F.R2c	c. Turbulence
PH.V.F.R3	H/V diagram information.
PH.V.F.R4	Go-around.
PH.V.F.R5	Forced landing during the maneuver.
PH.V.F.R6	Landing surface.
PH.V.F.R7	Dynamic rollover.
PH.V.F.R8	Ground resonance.
PH.V.F.R9	Low rotor rpm.
PH.V.F.R10	Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).
PH.V.F.R11	Collision hazards.
PH.V.F.R12	Vortex ring state (VRS).
PH.V.F.R13	Aircraft limitations.
PH.V.F.R14	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.F.R15	Power requirements versus power available for the departure or arrival profile(s).
PH.V.F.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.F.S2	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.F.S3	Confirm power available meets or exceeds the power required for the selected arrival or departure profile(s).
PH.V.F.S4	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
PH.V.F.S5	Accomplish a proper high and low reconnaissance of the confined landing area.
PH.V.F.S6	Select a suitable approach path, termination point, and departure path.
PH.V.F.S7	Track the selected approach path at an acceptable approach angle and rate of closure to the termination point.
PH.V.F.S8	Continually evaluate the suitability of the confined landing area and termination point.
PH.V.F.S9	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.V.F.S10	Accomplish a proper ground reconnaissance.
PH.V.F.S11	Terminate in a hover or on the surface, as appropriate.
PH.V.F.S12	Select a suitable takeoff point, considers factors affecting takeoff and climb performance under various conditions.
PH.V.F.S13	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PH.V.G.K1	Elements of pinnacle/platform operations.
PH.V.G.K2	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.V.G.K3	Suitable takeoff point and departure flight path during climb.
PH.V.G.K4	Situations when a pinnacle/platform approach, landing and takeoff is recommended and factors related to aircraft performance.
PH.V.G.K5	Elements of a high and low reconnaissance.
PH.V.G.R1	Selection of approach path, termination point and departure path based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.
PH.V.G.R2	Effects of:
PH.V.G.R2a	a. Wind Direction
PH.V.G.R2b	b. Windshear
PH.V.G.R2c	c. Turbulence
PH.V.G.R3	H/V diagram information.
PH.V.G.R4	Go-around.
PH.V.G.R5	Powerplant failure during approach/landing phase of flight.
PH.V.G.R6	Collision hazards.
PH.V.G.R7	Vortex ring state (VRS).
PH.V.G.R8	Landing surface.
PH.V.G.R9	Low rotor rpm.
PH.V.G.R10	Dynamic rollover.
PH.V.G.R11	Ground resonance.
PH.V.G.R12	Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).
PH.V.G.R13	Aircraft limitations.
PH.V.G.R14	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.G.R15	Main and tail rotor hazards for passengers.
PH.V.G.R16	Forced landing.
PH.V.G.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.G.S2	Confirm power available meets or exceeds the power required for the selected arrival or departure profile(s).
PH.V.G.S3	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.G.S4	Accomplish high and low reconnaissance.
PH.V.G.S5	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
PH.V.G.S6	Select a suitable approach path, termination point, and departure path.
PH.V.G.S7	Select an approach path considering wind direction.
PH.V.G.S8	Track the selected approach path at an acceptable approach angle and rate of closure to the termination point.
PH.V.G.S9	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.V.G.S10	Accomplish a proper ground reconnaissance.
PH.V.G.S11	Terminate in a hover or on the surface, as appropriate.
PH.V.G.S12	Select a suitable takeoff point and consider factors affecting takeoff and climb performance under various conditions.
PH.V.H.K1	Elements related to shallow approach and running/roll-on landing, including when to use the maneuver, aircraft limitations, and effect of landing surface texture.
PH.V.H.K2	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.V.H.R1	Selection of approach path and landing based on aircraft performance and limitations, and wind.
PH.V.H.R2	Effects of:
PH.V.H.R2a	a. Wind Direction
PH.V.H.R2b	b. Windshear
PH.V.H.R2c	c. Turbulence, including wake turbulence
PH.V.H.R3	Planning for:
PH.V.H.R3a	a. Powerplant failure during approach/landing phase of flight
PH.V.H.R4	Collision hazards.
PH.V.H.R5	Landing surface.
PH.V.H.R6	Dynamic rollover.
PH.V.H.R7	Ground resonance.
PH.V.H.R8	Aircraft limitations.
PH.V.H.R9	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.H.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.H.S2	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.H.S3	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.V.H.S4	Establish and maintain the recommended approach angle and proper rate of closure.
PH.V.H.S5	Determine wind direction and maintain ground track with crosswind correction.
PH.V.H.S6	Maintain effective translational lift during surface contact with landing gear parallel to the ground track.
PH.V.H.S7	Make smooth, timely, and correct control inputs after surface contact to maintain directional control.
PH.V.H.S8	Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
PH.V.I.K1	Elements of a rolling takeoff.
PH.V.I.K2	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.V.I.K3	Situations when a rolling takeoff is recommended and factors related to takeoff and climb performance.
PH.V.I.K4	Translational lift.
PH.V.I.R1	Selection of takeoff path based on helicopter performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
PH.V.I.R2	Effects of:
PH.V.I.R2a	a. Wind Direction
PH.V.I.R2b	b. Windshear
PH.V.I.R2c	c. Turbulence, including wake turbulence
PH.V.I.R3	Planning for:
PH.V.I.R3a	a. Height/Velocity (H/V) considerations
PH.V.I.R3b	b. Rejected takeoff
PH.V.I.R3c	c. Powerplant failure during takeoff/climb phase of flight
PH.V.I.R4	Collision hazards.
PH.V.I.R5	Takeoff surface.
PH.V.I.R6	Landing gear.
PH.V.I.R7	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.V.I.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.V.I.S2	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.V.I.S3	Determine wind direction with or without visible wind direction indicators.
PH.V.I.S4	Verify assigned/correct takeoff path.
PH.V.I.S5	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.V.I.S6	Use control inputs that initiate the takeoff roll.
PH.V.I.S7	Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction, while accelerating.
PH.V.I.S8	Transition to a normal climb airspeed, ±10 knots, and set appropriate power.
PH.V.I.S9	Maintain proper ground track with crosswind correction after liftoff.
PH.V.I.S10	Use runway incursion avoidance procedures, if applicable.
PH.VI.A.K1	Purpose of the maneuver.
PH.VI.A.K2	Effects of atmospheric conditions on a rapid deceleration/quick stop.
PH.VI.A.K3	Wind correction techniques during rapid deceleration/quick stop.
PH.VI.A.R1	Recognition of the need for a rapid deceleration/quick stop.
PH.VI.A.R2	Powerplant and rotor management.
PH.VI.A.R3	Vortex ring state (VRS).
PH.VI.A.R4	Collision hazards.
PH.VI.A.R5	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VI.A.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VI.A.S2	Maintain powerplant and main rotor (Nr) speed within normal limits.
PH.VI.A.S3	Coordinate all controls throughout the execution of the maneuver to terminate in a hover at an appropriate hover height.
PH.VI.A.S4	Maintain an altitude that permits safe clearance between the tail boom and the surface.
PH.VI.A.S5	Maintain heading throughout the maneuver, ±10°.
PH.VI.B.K1	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.VI.B.K2	Main rotor (Nr) speed.
PH.VI.B.K3	Energy management.
PH.VI.B.K4	Causes and effects of high descent rates.
PH.VI.B.K5	Effect of varying bank angles, airspeeds, and rotor rpm.
PH.VI.B.R1	Low entry altitudes.
PH.VI.B.R2	Flight control inputs.
PH.VI.B.R3	Turbulence, including wake turbulence.
PH.VI.B.R4	Windshear.
PH.VI.B.R5	Energy management.
PH.VI.B.R6	Main rotor (Nr) speed.
PH.VI.B.R7	Low rotor rpm or rotor stall.
PH.VI.B.R8	Main rotor (Nr) overspeed.
PH.VI.B.R9	Excessive rate of descent.
PH.VI.B.R10	Powerplant failure during the maneuver.
PH.VI.B.R11	Collision hazards.
PH.VI.B.R12	Terminating an autorotation.
PH.VI.B.R13	Power recovery and go-around.
PH.VI.B.R14	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VI.B.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VI.B.S2	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.VI.B.S3	Select a suitable landing area.
PH.VI.B.S4	Clear the area.
PH.VI.B.S5	Select an appropriate entry altitude.
PH.VI.B.S6	Initiate the maneuver at the proper point.
PH.VI.B.S7	Establish power-off glide with the helicopter trimmed and autorotation airspeed, ±10 knots.
PH.VI.B.S8	Maintain main rotor (Nr) within normal limits.
PH.VI.B.S9	Compensate for wind speed and direction as necessary to avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.
PH.VI.B.S10	Use proper deceleration and collective pitch application that permits safe clearance between the aircraft tail boom and the surface.
PH.VI.B.S11	Initiate proper power recovery.
PH.VI.B.S12	Terminate autorotation to a stabilized hover within 200 feet of a designated point.
PH.VI.C.K1	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.VI.C.K2	Main rotor (Nr) speed.
PH.VI.C.K3	Energy management.
PH.VI.C.K4	Causes and effects of high descent rates.
PH.VI.C.K5	Effect of varying bank angles, airspeeds, and rotor rpm.
PH.VI.C.R1	Low entry altitudes.
PH.VI.C.R2	Flight control inputs.
PH.VI.C.R3	Turbulence, including wake turbulence.
PH.VI.C.R4	Windshear.
PH.VI.C.R5	Energy management.
PH.VI.C.R6	Main rotor (Nr) speed.
PH.VI.C.R7	Low rotor rpm or rotor stall.
PH.VI.C.R9	Excessive rate of descent.
PH.VI.C.R10	Powerplant failure during the maneuver.
PH.VI.C.R11	Rolling out of the turn.
PH.VI.C.R12	Collision hazards.
PH.VI.C.R13	Terminating an autorotation.
PH.VI.C.R14	Power recovery and go-around.
PH.VI.C.R15	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VI.C.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VI.C.S2	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.VI.C.S3	Select a suitable landing area.
PH.VI.C.S4	Clear the area.
PH.VI.C.S5	Select an appropriate entry altitude.
PH.VI.C.S6	Initiate the maneuver at the proper point.
PH.VI.C.S7	Establish power-off glide with the helicopter trimmed and autorotation airspeed, ±10 knots.
PH.VI.C.S8	Maintain main rotor (Nr) within normal limits.
PH.VI.C.S9	Maneuver to avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.
PH.VI.C.S10	Roll out no lower than 300 feet above ground level (AGL) along the flight path to the selected landing area.
PH.VI.C.S11	Use proper deceleration and collective pitch application that permits safe clearance between the aircraft tail boom and the surface.
PH.VI.C.S12	Initiate proper power recovery.
PH.VI.C.S13	Terminate autorotation to a stabilized hover within 200 feet of a designated point.
PH.VII.A.K1	Pilotage and dead reckoning.
PH.VII.A.K2	Magnetic compass errors.
PH.VII.A.K3	Topography.
PH.VII.A.K4	Selection of appropriate:
PH.VII.A.K4a	a. Route
PH.VII.A.K4b	b. Altitude(s)
PH.VII.A.K4c	c. Checkpoints
PH.VII.A.K5	Plotting a course, including:
PH.VII.A.K5a	a. Determining heading, speed, and course
PH.VII.A.K5b	b. Wind correction angle
PH.VII.A.K5c	c. Estimating time, speed, and distance
PH.VII.A.K5d	d. True airspeed and density altitude
PH.VII.A.K6	Power setting selection.
PH.VII.A.K7	Planned calculations versus actual results and required corrections.
PH.VII.A.R1	Collision hazards.
PH.VII.A.R2	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VII.A.R3	Unplanned fuel/power consumption, if applicable.
PH.VII.A.S1	Prepare and use a flight log.
PH.VII.A.S2	Navigate by pilotage.
PH.VII.A.S3	Navigate by means of pre-computed headings, groundspeeds, elapsed time, and reference to landmarks or checkpoints.
PH.VII.A.S4	Use the magnetic direction indicator in navigation, including turns to headings.
PH.VII.A.S5	Verify position within three nautical miles of the flight-planned route.
PH.VII.A.S6	Correct for and record the differences between preflight fuel, groundspeed, and heading calculations and those determined en route.
PH.VII.A.S7	Arrive at the en route checkpoints within five minutes of the initial or revised estimated time of arrival (ETA) and provide a destination estimate.
PH.VII.A.S8	Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and heading, ±15°.
PH.VII.B.K1	Ground-based navigation (identification, orientation, course determination, equipment, tests, regulations, interference, appropriate use of navigation data, and signal integrity).
PH.VII.B.K2	Satellite-based navigation (e.g., equipment, regulations, authorized use of databases, and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)).
PH.VII.B.K3	Radar assistance to visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft (e.g., operations, equipment, available services, traffic advisories).
PH.VII.B.K4	Transponder (Mode(s) A, C, and S) and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B).
PH.VII.B.R1	Management of automated navigation and autoflight systems.
PH.VII.B.R2	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VII.B.R3	Limitations of the navigation system in use.
PH.VII.B.R4	Loss of a navigation signal.
PH.VII.B.R5	Use of an electronic flight bag (EFB), if used.
PH.VII.B.S1	Use an airborne electronic navigation system.
PH.VII.B.S2	Determine the aircraft's position using the navigation system.
PH.VII.B.S3	Intercept and track a given course, radial, or bearing.
PH.VII.B.S4	Recognize and describe the indication of station or waypoint passage.
PH.VII.B.S5	Recognize loss of navigational signal and take appropriate action.
PH.VII.B.S6	Use proper communication procedures when utilizing radar services.
PH.VII.B.S7	Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and headings, ±15°.
PH.VII.C.K1	Selecting an alternate destination.
PH.VII.C.K2	Situations that require deviations from flight plan or air traffic control (ATC) instructions.
PH.VII.C.R1	Collision hazards.
PH.VII.C.R2	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VII.C.R3	Circumstances that would make diversion prudent.
PH.VII.C.R4	Selecting an airport/heliport/helipad, as applicable.
PH.VII.C.R5	Using available resources (e.g., automation, ATC, and flight deck planning aids).
PH.VII.C.S1	Select a suitable airport/heliport/helipad, as applicable, and route for diversion.
PH.VII.C.S2	Make a reasonable estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival time, and fuel required to the "divert to" destination.
PH.VII.C.S3	Promptly divert toward the airport/heliport/helipad.
PH.VII.C.S4	Maintain the selected altitude, ±200 feet and headings, ±15°.
PH.VII.C.S5	Update/interpret weather in flight.
PH.VII.C.S6	Use displays of digital weather and aeronautical information, as applicable to maintain situational awareness.
PH.VII.D.K1	Methods to determine position.
PH.VII.D.K2	Assistance available if lost (e.g., radar services, communication procedures).
PH.VII.D.K3	Rapidly deteriorating weather or impending fuel exhaustion.
PH.VII.D.R1	Collision hazards.
PH.VII.D.R2	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VII.D.R3	Recording times over waypoints.
PH.VII.D.R4	When to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
PH.VII.D.S1	Select an appropriate course of action.
PH.VII.D.S2	Use an appropriate method to determine position.
PH.VII.D.S3	Maintain an appropriate heading and climb as necessary.
PH.VII.D.S4	Identify prominent landmarks.
PH.VII.D.S5	Use navigation systems/facilities or contact an ATC facility for assistance.
PH.VIII.A.K1	Elements related to powerplant failure in a hover, including energy management concepts.
PH.VIII.A.K2	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.VIII.A.K3	High and low inertia of rotor systems.
PH.VIII.A.K4	Aerodynamics associated with powerplant failure in a hover.
PH.VIII.A.K5	Proper orientation, division of attention, and proper planning.
PH.VIII.A.R1	Powerplant failure in a hover.
PH.VIII.A.R2	Flight control inputs.
PH.VIII.A.R3	Helicopter movement.
PH.VIII.A.R4	Dynamic rollover.
PH.VIII.A.R5	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VIII.A.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VIII.A.S2	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.VIII.A.S3	Clear the area.
PH.VIII.A.S4	Select a suitable landing area.
PH.VIII.A.S5	Establish a stationary or forward hover into the wind.
PH.VIII.A.S6	Simulate powerplant failure.
PH.VIII.A.S7	Maintain a heading, ±10°, throughout the maneuver.
PH.VIII.A.S8	Touchdown with minimum sideward movement and no rearward movement.
PH.VIII.A.S9	Use appropriate flight control inputs to cushion the touchdown.
PH.VIII.A.S10	After touchdown, lower collective and neutralize flight controls.
PH.VIII.B.K1	Elements of a powerplant failure at altitude.
PH.VIII.B.K2	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.VIII.B.K3	Main rotor (Nr) speed.
PH.VIII.B.K4	Energy management.
PH.VIII.B.K5	Causes and effects of high descent rates.
PH.VIII.B.K6	Effect of varying bank angles, airspeeds, and rotor rpm.
PH.VIII.B.R1	Low entry altitudes.
PH.VIII.B.R2	Selection of landing area.
PH.VIII.B.R3	Flight control inputs.
PH.VIII.B.R4	Turbulence, including wake turbulence.
PH.VIII.B.R5	Low rotor rpm or rotor stall.
PH.VIII.B.R6	Windshear.
PH.VIII.B.R7	Powerplant failure during the maneuver.
PH.VIII.B.R8	Collision hazards.
PH.VIII.B.R9	Autorotation power-off never-exceed speed (VNE) limitation.
PH.VIII.B.R10	Helicopter trim.
PH.VIII.B.R11	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VIII.B.S1	Establish an autorotation.
PH.VIII.B.S2	Establish power-off glide with the helicopter trimmed and autorotation airspeed, ±10 knots.
PH.VIII.B.S3	Maintain main rotor (Nr) within normal limits.
PH.VIII.B.S4	Select a suitable landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.
PH.VIII.B.S5	Maneuver to avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.
PH.VIII.B.S6	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.VIII.B.S7	Terminate approach with a power recovery at a safe altitude as directed by the evaluator.
PH.VIII.C.K1	Elements of approach and landing with one engine inoperative.
PH.VIII.C.K2	Effects of atmospheric conditions on emergency approach and landing.
PH.VIII.C.K3	Stabilized approach.
PH.VIII.C.K4	Approach and landing profiles and aircraft configuration.
PH.VIII.C.R1	Consideration of altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions, and available landing area.
PH.VIII.C.R2	Planning and following a flightpath to the selected landing area.
PH.VIII.C.R3	Collision hazards.
PH.VIII.C.R4	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VIII.C.S1	Maintain the operating powerplant within OEI limits.
PH.VIII.C.S2	Maintain, prior to beginning the final approach segment, the recommended flight profile with altitude ±200 feet, airspeed, ±20 knots, heading ±10°, and maintain track.
PH.VIII.C.S3	Make radio calls as appropriate.
PH.VIII.C.S4	Plan and follow a flightpath to the selected landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.
PH.VIII.C.S5	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VIII.C.S6	Maintain directional control and appropriate crosswind correction throughout the approach and landing.
PH.VIII.C.S7	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PH.VIII.D.K1	Causes of partial or complete power loss related to the specific type of powerplant(s).
PH.VIII.D.K2	System and equipment malfunctions specific to the helicopter, including:
PH.VIII.D.K2a	a. Electrical malfunction
PH.VIII.D.K2b	b. Flight instrument malfunctions
PH.VIII.D.K2c	c. Pitot-static system malfunction
PH.VIII.D.K2d	d. Electronic flight deck display malfunction
PH.VIII.D.K2e	e. Landing gear malfunctions
PH.VIII.D.K2f	f. Inoperative flight control/trim
PH.VIII.D.K2g	g. Hydraulic failure, if applicable
PH.VIII.D.K3	Various frequency vibrations and the possible components that may be affected.
PH.VIII.D.K4	Causes and remedies for smoke or fire onboard the aircraft.
PH.VIII.D.K5	Any other system malfunction specific to the helicopter flown.
PH.VIII.D.R1	Startle response.
PH.VIII.D.R2	Checklist usage for a system or equipment malfunction.
PH.VIII.D.R3	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VIII.D.R4	Undesired aircraft state.
PH.VIII.D.S1	Determine appropriate action for simulated emergencies specified by the evaluator, from at least three of the elements or sub-elements listed in K1 through K5.
PH.VIII.D.S2	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VIII.E.K1	Elements of vortex ring state.
PH.VIII.E.K2	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.VIII.E.K3	Requirements for the formation of VRS.
PH.VIII.E.K4	Aerodynamics and indications of VRS.
PH.VIII.E.K5	Flight scenarios under which VRS can occur.
PH.VIII.E.K6	Effective recovery techniques.
PH.VIII.E.R1	Pilot recognition and response to VRS.
PH.VIII.E.R2	Entering the maneuver at a lower altitude than planned.
PH.VIII.E.R3	Application of power or exceeding powerplant limitations.
PH.VIII.E.R4	Collision hazards.
PH.VIII.E.R5	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VIII.E.R6	Loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE).
PH.VIII.E.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VIII.E.S2	Clear the area.
PH.VIII.E.S3	Select an altitude that allows recovery to be completed no lower than 1,000 feet AGL or as recommended by the manufacturer, whichever is higher.
PH.VIII.E.S4	Establish conditions leading to VRS entry.
PH.VIII.E.S5	Promptly recognize, announce, and recover at the first indication of VRS.
PH.VIII.E.S6	Use single-pilot resource management (SRM) or crew resource management (CRM), as appropriate.
PH.VIII.F.K1	Elements related to low rotor rpm recovery energy management, including the combination of conditions that may lead to this situation.
PH.VIII.F.K2	Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
PH.VIII.F.K3	Aerodynamics that affect low rotor rpm conditions.
PH.VIII.F.K4	Powerplant performance.
PH.VIII.F.K5	Main rotor (Nr) limitations.
PH.VIII.F.K6	Difference between low rotor rpm and blade stall.
PH.VIII.F.R1	Powerplant limitations.
PH.VIII.F.R2	Powerplant governor operation.
PH.VIII.F.R3	Collision hazards.
PH.VIII.F.R4	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.VIII.F.R5	Low inertia rotor systems.
PH.VIII.F.S1	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.VIII.F.S2	Clear the area.
PH.VIII.F.S3	Detect the development of low rotor rpm and initiate prompt corrective action.
PH.VIII.F.S4	Execute the recovery procedure to return rotor rpm to normal limits.
PH.VIII.G.K1	Elements related to antitorque system failure by describing:
PH.VIII.G.K1a	a. Indications of an antitorque system failure(s)
PH.VIII.G.K1b	b. Differences between complete loss of antitorque and mechanical flight control failures
PH.VIII.G.K1c	c. RFM procedures for antitorque system(s) failure
PH.VIII.G.K2	Wind conditions that favor a landing with an antitorque failure.
PH.VIII.G.R1	Preflight inspection of the antitorque system.
PH.VIII.G.R2	Antitorque failure(s) for the aircraft supplied for the practical test.
PH.VIII.G.R3	Use of antitorque failure procedures.
PH.VIII.G.S1	[Intentionally left blank].
PH.VIII.H.K1	Elements related to dynamic rollover.
PH.VIII.H.K2	Interactions between thrust, crosswind, slope, lateral CG, aircraft weight, and flight controls that contribute to dynamic rollover.
PH.VIII.H.K3	Preventive flight technique and recovery during flight operations, including slope operations.
PH.VIII.H.R1	Surface conditions conducive to dynamic rollover.
PH.VIII.H.R2	Landing gear proximity to obstructions on the ground during low altitude hover.
PH.VIII.H.R3	Flight control inputs during takeoff or landing.
PH.VIII.H.R4	Sideward hover.
PH.VIII.H.R5	Aircraft slope limitations.
PH.VIII.H.R6	Critical rollover angle and rolling moment.
PH.VIII.H.R7	Translating tendency.
PH.VIII.H.S1	[Intentionally left blank].
PH.VIII.I.K1	Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ground resonance by describing:
PH.VIII.I.K1a	a. Conditions that contribute to ground resonance
PH.VIII.I.K1b	b. Preventive flight technique during takeoffs and landings
PH.VIII.I.K1c	c. Landing surface
PH.VIII.I.K2	Inspection of items that may contribute to ground resonance.
PH.VIII.I.K3	Corrective actions during low and normal rotor rpm speeds.
PH.VIII.I.R1	Factors that may contribute to the onset of ground resonance.
PH.VIII.I.R2	Recognition of the onset of ground resonance.
PH.VIII.I.R3	Recovery procedure selection.
PH.VIII.I.S1	[Intentionally left blank].
PH.VIII.J.K1	Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to low G conditions by describing:
PH.VIII.J.K1a	a. Aerodynamic factors related to low G conditions
PH.VIII.J.K1b	b. Situations that contribute to low G conditions
PH.VIII.J.K1c	c. Avoidance, recognition, and appropriate recovery procedures
PH.VIII.J.K2	Effects of low G conditions on various rotor systems.
PH.VIII.J.K3	Pilot responses that lead to mast bumping in a low G condition, if applicable.
PH.VIII.J.R1	Control inputs that cause low G conditions.
PH.VIII.J.R2	Turbulence/gusty wind conditions.
PH.VIII.J.R3	Control inputs that cause mast bumping.
PH.VIII.J.S1	[Intentionally left blank].
PH.VIII.K.K1	Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) operations, limitations, and testing requirements.
PH.VIII.K.K2	Fire extinguisher operations and limitations.
PH.VIII.K.K3	Emergency equipment and survival gear needed for:
PH.VIII.K.K3a	a. Climate extremes (hot/cold)
PH.VIII.K.K3b	b. Mountainous terrain
PH.VIII.K.K3c	c. Overwater operations
PH.VIII.K.R1	Survival gear (water, clothing, shelter) for 48 to 72 hours.
PH.VIII.K.S1	Identify appropriate equipment and personal gear.
PH.VIII.K.S2	Brief passengers on proper use of on-board emergency equipment and survival gear.
PH.IX.A.K1	Physiological aspects of vision related to night flying.
PH.IX.A.K2	Personal equipment essential for night flight.
PH.IX.A.K3	Helicopter equipment and lighting requirements for night operations.
PH.IX.A.K4	Lighting systems identifying airports/heliports/helipads/landing areas, runways, taxiways and obstructions, as well as pilot controlled lighting.
PH.IX.A.K5	Night orientation, navigation, chart reading techniques and methods for maintaining night vision effectiveness.
PH.IX.A.K6	Night taxi operations.
PH.IX.A.K7	Interpretation of traffic position and direction based solely on position lights.
PH.IX.A.K8	Visual illusions at night.
PH.IX.A.K9	Appropriate use of automation, if applicable.
PH.IX.A.R1	Collision hazards.
PH.IX.A.R2	Runway incursion.
PH.IX.A.R3	Distractions, task prioritization, loss of situational awareness, or disorientation.
PH.IX.A.R4	Effect of visual illusions and night adaptation during all phases of night flying.
PH.IX.A.R5	Night currency versus proficiency.
PH.IX.A.R6	Weather considerations specific to night operations.
PH.IX.A.R7	Inoperative equipment.
PH.IX.A.S1	[Intentionally left blank].
PH.X.A.K1	Helicopter shutdown, securing, and postflight inspection.
PH.X.A.K2	Documenting in-flight/postflight discrepancies.
PH.X.A.R1	Activities and distractions.
PH.X.A.R2	Parking the helicopter in a congested area.
PH.X.A.R3	Airport specific security procedures.
PH.X.A.R4	Disembarking passengers safely on the ramp and monitoring passenger movement while on the ramp.
PH.X.A.S1	Minimize the hazardous effects of rotor downwash during hovering.
PH.X.A.S2	Park in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby persons and property.
PH.X.A.S3	Complete the appropriate checklist(s).
PH.X.A.S5	Conduct a postflight inspection and document discrepancies and servicing requirements, if any.
PH.X.A.S6	Secure the helicopter.